Dynamic single photon emission computed tomography--basic principles and cardiac applications.
Dynamic single photon emission computed tomography--basic principles and cardiac applications.
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DOI：
10.1088/0031-9155/55/20/r01
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发表时间：
2010-10-21
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Budinger TF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gullberg GT;Reutter BW;Sitek A;Maltz JS;Budinger TF
核医学的本质，即注射的放射性药物的视觉表现，意味着对动态过程的成像，例如从人体器官摄取和洗出放射性示踪剂。多年来，核医学一直被吹捧为评估健康和疾病功能的首选方法。这种评估使用单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)大大增强，它允许三维(3D)可视化示踪剂在体内的分布。然而，为了充分发挥这项技术的潜力，需要对体内流动和代谢的动态过程进行成像。还必须解决组织运动和变形问题。对体内这些动态过程的绝对量化有可能提高诊断水平。本文回顾了实现动态SPECT成像潜力的进展，并简要回顾了该仪器的发展历史。本文的主要内容是回顾已经开发的用于从动态心脏SPECT数据中提取动力学的特殊数据处理方法，所述动态心脏SPECT数据是使用旋转的探测器头作为放射性药物在生物室之间的交换而移动的。多分辨率时空方法的最新发展使人们能够使用从单个相机头上获取的数据来估计动态过程的隔室模型的动力学参数。直接从投影测量估计动力学参数改进了首先重建3D动态图像、从选定的感兴趣区域生成时间-活动曲线、然后从生成的时间-活动曲线估计动力学参数的传统方法的偏差和方差。虽然SPECT在动态过程成像中的潜在应用在临床上还没有完全实现，但希望这次综述能够阐明SPECT在动态成像中的潜力，特别是考虑到能够从投影测量直接测量动态过程的新发展。
The very nature of nuclear medicine, the visual representation of injected radiopharmaceuticals, implies imaging of dynamic processes such as the uptake and wash-out of radiotracers from body organs. For years, nuclear medicine has been touted as the modality of choice for evaluating function in health and disease. This evaluation is greatly enhanced using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which permits three-dimensional (3D) visualization of tracer distributions in the body. However, to fully realize the potential of the technique requires the imaging of in vivo dynamic processes of flow and metabolism. Tissue motion and deformation must also be addressed. Absolute quantification of these dynamic processes in the body has the potential to improve diagnosis. This paper presents a review of advancements toward the realization of the potential of dynamic SPECT imaging and a brief history of the development of the instrumentation. A major portion of the paper is devoted to the review of special data processing methods that have been developed for extracting kinetics from dynamic cardiac SPECT data acquired using rotating detector heads that move as radiopharmaceuticals exchange between biological compartments. Recent developments in multi-resolution spatiotemporal methods enable one to estimate kinetic parameters of compartment models of dynamic processes using data acquired from a single camera head with slow gantry rotation. The estimation of kinetic parameters directly from projection measurements improves bias and variance over the conventional method of first reconstructing 3D dynamic images, generating time–activity curves from selected regions of interest and then estimating the kinetic parameters from the generated time–activity curves. Although the potential applications of SPECT for imaging dynamic processes have not been fully realized in the clinic, it is hoped that this review illuminates the potential of SPECT for dynamic imaging, especially in light of new developments that enable measurement of dynamic processes directly from projection measurements.