Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Dietary Fats.
Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Dietary Fats.
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膳食脂肪对肠道炎症的调节。
DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2020.604989
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Rodriguez-Palacios A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Basson AR;Chen C;Sagl F;Trotter A;Bederman I;Gomez-Nguyen A;Sundrud MS;Ilic S;Cominelli F;Rodriguez-Palacios A
随着人类肥胖症的流行，膳食脂肪日益成为生物医学研究的焦点。流行病学研究表明，高脂饮食（HFD），特别是那些富含长链饱和脂肪酸（例如，西方饮食，国家健康检查调查; NHANES '我们在美国吃什么'报告）具有多器官促炎作用。实验研究已经证实了其中一些疾病的关联，并已开始阐述疾病诱导的机制。然而，流行病学研究中观察到的许多影响似乎是对机制复杂性的过度简化，这种机制复杂性取决于宿主、特定脂肪酸以及肠道微生物群的相当个性化的遗传学和变异性之间的动态相互作用。有趣的是，实验研究表明，某些饱和脂肪（例如，月桂酸和肉豆蔻脂肪酸丰富的椰子油）可以发挥相反的作用;即，通过意想不到的途径促进肠道健康的理想的抗炎和保护机制。由于实验室动物的实验优势，在良好控制的饮食设置下的机制的研究，我们专注于目前的饮食脂肪酸如何影响肠道生物学的理解。我们将讨论集中在小鼠和大鼠的研究上，并在细胞培养系统或人体研究中进行验证。我们提供了与克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎相关的啮齿动物模型在喂食高脂饮食（HFD）或含有特定脂肪酸或其他目标饮食分子的饲料后诱导或预防炎性肠病相关的最研究的疾病机制的范围概述。最后，我们提供了一个已被大量或很少研究的领域的总体前景，并评估HFD对急性和慢性肠道炎症的影响。
With the epidemic of human obesity, dietary fats have increasingly become a focal point of biomedical research. Epidemiological studies indicate that high-fat diets (HFDs), especially those rich in long-chain saturated fatty acids (e.g., Western Diet, National Health Examination survey; NHANES ‘What We Eat in America’ report) have multi-organ pro-inflammatory effects. Experimental studies have confirmed some of these disease associations, and have begun to elaborate mechanisms of disease induction. However, many of the observed effects from epidemiological studies appear to be an over-simplification of the mechanistic complexity that depends on dynamic interactions between the host, the particular fatty acid, and the rather personalized genetics and variability of the gut microbiota. Of interest, experimental studies have shown that certain saturated fats (e.g., lauric and myristic fatty acid-rich coconut oil) could exert the opposite effect; that is, desirable anti-inflammatory and protective mechanisms promoting gut health by unanticipated pathways. Owing to the experimental advantages of laboratory animals for the study of mechanisms under well-controlled dietary settings, we focus this review on the current understanding of how dietary fatty acids impact intestinal biology. We center this discussion on studies from mice and rats, with validation in cell culture systems or human studies. We provide a scoping overview of the most studied diseases mechanisms associated with the induction or prevention of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in rodent models relevant to Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis after feeding either high-fat diet (HFD) or feed containing specific fatty acid or other target dietary molecule. Finally, we provide a general outlook on areas that have been largely or scarcely studied, and assess the effects of HFDs on acute and chronic forms of intestinal inflammation.