The creeping of saturated salt solutions
The creeping of saturated salt solutions
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DOI：
10.1021/j150373a003
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发表时间：
1936-04-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Brewer, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hazlehurst, TH;Martin, HC;Brewer, L
有两个关于爬行的研究记录。沃什伯恩（4）尝试了各种解决方案和固体表面，并指出了这一现象的一般性质。他观察到，蠕变不仅存在于电解质的水溶液中，而且存在于非水溶液中（例如，二硫化碳中的硫），并且不仅发生在玻璃上，还发生在瓷器和金属上。J. G. F.德鲁斯（1）和沃什伯恩一样，发现由于变量太多，几乎不可能得到定量结果，但他提交了一份物质清单，“按蠕变的降序排列“：氯化铵、硫酸锌、氯化钡、硝酸钾、硫酸锰、氯化钠。德鲁斯没有描述他的实验。沃什伯恩似乎已经与解决方案蒸发皿。后者对这一现象提供了一种解释，即沉积的晶体形成毛细血管，溶液可以上升到毛细血管，随后沉积更多的晶体并形成新的毛细血管。很难想象毛细血管最初是如何形成的，因为晶体的突起超出了溶液的限制，似乎很像是靠自己的力量提高自己。本作者发现，蠕动并不是从毛细血管的形成开始的，尽管这些无疑在很大程度上有助于维持垂直蠕动。产生蠕变的主要因素是固体溶质优先润湿发生蠕变的固体表面的能力。
Two studies of creeping have been recorded. ER Washburn (4) tried various solutions and solid surfaces and noted the general nature of the phenomenon. He observed that creeping is found not only in aqueous solutions of electrolytes, but also in non-aqueous solutions (eg, sulfur in carbon bisulfide), and occurs not only on glass, but also on porcelain and metals. J. G. F. Druce (1), in common with Washburn, found quantita-tive results practically impossible because of the large number of variables, but submitted a list of substances “in descending order of creeping:” ammonium chloride, zinc sulfate, barium chloride, potassium nitrate, man-ganous sulfate, sodium chloride. Druce does not describe his experiments. Washburn seems to have worked with solutions evaporating in dishes. The latter offers as an explanation of the phenomenon the formation of capillaries by the deposited crystals, up which the solution may rise with the subsequent deposition of more crystals and the formation of new capil-laries. It is difficult to picture how the capillaries are formed originally, for the protrusion of the crystals beyond the limits of the solution seems much like raising oneself by one’s bootstraps. The present authors find that creeping does not start by the formation of capillaries, although these undoubtedly contribute largely to the maintenance ofvertical creeping. The prime factor in the production of creeping is the ability of the solid solute to wet preferentially the solid surface over which the creeping takes place.