The Dynamics of Observed Lee Waves over the Snæfellsnes Peninsula in Iceland

The Dynamics of Observed Lee Waves over the Snæfellsnes Peninsula in Iceland
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冰岛斯奈山半岛上空观测到的李氏波的动态

DOI:
10.1175/mwr-d-20-0288.1
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Colfescu I
Colfescu I
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Colfescu I

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2016年10月20日,飞机观测记录了冰岛西海岸斯奈山半岛上方和下游的一系列明显的背浪。这一事件的模拟与天气研究和预报(WRF)模式提供了一个很好的代表观察到的结构,这些山波。产生这些波浪的地形特征是靠近半岛尖端的孤立的Snæfellsjökull火山和沿其脊沿着相当均匀的山脊。敏感性模拟与WRF模型文件,所观察到的波列由这两个主要的地形特征分别产生的波的叠加。这种行为与孤立的3D山脉和2D山脊上的流动的理想化模拟是一致的,这些模拟再现了观察到的波的基本行为和WRF模拟中捕获的波。线性分析证实了边界层顶部强烈逆温的重要性,它促进了向地形下游延伸的显著波浪活动。然而,强制和共振模式的两层大气与封顶反演的分析表明,这种波列可能不会产生共振模式的能量被困在下面的反演。相反,这些似乎是垂直传播的模式,垂直群速度非常小,可以持续远远下游的山。这些垂直传播的波可能提供了一种机制,由于与对流层中部稳定层的相互作用,在更高处产生近共振波。
On 20 October 2016, aircraft observations documented a significant train of lee waves above and downstream of the Snæfellsnes Peninsula on the west coast of Iceland. Simulations of this event with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model provide an excellent representation of the observed structure of these mountain waves. The orographic features producing these waves are characterized by the isolated Snæfellsjökull volcano near the tip of the peninsula and a fairly uniform ridge along its spine. Sensitivity simulations with the WRF Model document that the observed wave train consists of a superposition of the waves produced individually by these two dominant orographic features. This behavior is consistent with idealized simulations of a flow over an isolated 3D mountain and over a 2D ridge, which reproduce the essential behavior of the observed waves and those captured in the WRF simulations. Linear analytic analysis confirms the importance of a strong inversion at the top on the boundary layer in promoting significant wave activity extending far downstream of the terrain. However, analysis of the forced and resonant modes for a two-layer atmosphere with a capping inversion suggest that this wave train may not be produced by resonant modes whose energy is trapped beneath the inversion. Rather, these appear to be vertically propagating modes with very small vertical group velocity that can persist far downstream of the mountain. These vertically propagating waves potentially provide a mechanism for producing near-resonant waves farther aloft due to interactions with a stable layer in the midtroposphere.
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