Detecting regular sound changes in linguistics as events of concerted evolution.
Detecting regular sound changes in linguistics as events of concerted evolution.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.064
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发表时间：
2015-01-05
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Bhattacharya, Tanmoy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hruschka, Daniel J.;Branford, Simon;Smith, Eric D.;Wilkins, Jon;Meade, Andrew;Pagel, Mark;Bhattacharya, Tanmoy
协同进化通常被用来描述基因组中不同位置的平行变化，但在语言中也可以观察到，在词典中的许多单词中，一个特定的音素变成了相同的另一个音素--这种现象被称为规则音变。我们开发了一个通用的统计模型，该模型可以检测比对序列数据中的协同变化，并将其应用于研究突厥语语系中有规律的语音变化。语言进化不同于基因替代过程，是由协同进化变化事件主导的。我们的模型确定了在突厥语语系进化过程中发生的70多个有规律的声音变化的历史事件，同时推断了一个过时的系统发育树。与更简单的零星变化模型相比，包括常规发音变化在内的语言变化的特征大约提高了4倍，改进了系统发育推断，并为系统发生上的事件返回了更可靠和可信的日期。协调变化的历史计时密切遵循泊松过程模型，而从我们的模型派生的声音转换网络反映了语言预期。我们证明，一个对复杂的、协调的或规则的变化没有先验知识的模型，仍然可以从当代数据中留下的信号中推断出协调变化事件的历史时间和谱系位置。我们的模型可以应用于任何离散元素--如基因、词语、文化趋势、技术或形态特征--在生物体或其他进化群体中平行变化的地方。语言进化受协同进化事件的支配协同进化模型改进了协同进化的系统发育推断和测年事件符合泊松过程我们的模型可以应用于基因、语言、文化和技术变革协同进化指的是发生在基因组不同位置的相同进化变化。当相同的发音变化出现在不同的单词中时，它也会出现在语言中。Hruschka等人。报告一个统计模型，该模型可以检测一致的变化，并展示它如何极大地提高我们对语言演变的理解。
Concerted evolution is normally used to describe parallel changes at different sites in a genome, but it is also observed in languages where a specific phoneme changes to the same other phoneme in many words in the lexicon—a phenomenon known as regular sound change. We develop a general statistical model that can detect concerted changes in aligned sequence data and apply it to study regular sound changes in the Turkic language family. Linguistic evolution, unlike the genetic substitutional process, is dominated by events of concerted evolutionary change. Our model identified more than 70 historical events of regular sound change that occurred throughout the evolution of the Turkic language family, while simultaneously inferring a dated phylogenetic tree. Including regular sound changes yielded an approximately 4-fold improvement in the characterization of linguistic change over a simpler model of sporadic change, improved phylogenetic inference, and returned more reliable and plausible dates for events on the phylogenies. The historical timings of the concerted changes closely follow a Poisson process model, and the sound transition networks derived from our model mirror linguistic expectations. We demonstrate that a model with no prior knowledge of complex concerted or regular changes can nevertheless infer the historical timings and genealogical placements of events of concerted change from the signals left in contemporary data. Our model can be applied wherever discrete elements—such as genes, words, cultural trends, technologies, or morphological traits—can change in parallel within an organism or other evolving group. Linguistic evolution is dominated by events of concerted evolutionary change Modeling concerted evolution improves phylogenetic inference and dating Events of concerted change conform closely to a Poisson process Our model can be applied to genes, languages, cultures, and technological change Concerted evolution refers to the same evolutionary change occurring at different sites in a genome. It also occurs in languages when the same sound change occurs in different words. Hruschka et al. report a statistical model that can detect concerted changes and show how it substantially improves our understanding of how languages evolve.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1204678110
发表时间：
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影响因子：
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