Vertical sheep mobility along the altitudinal gradient through stable isotope analyses in tooth molar bioapatite, meteoric water and pastures: a reference from the Ebro valley to the Central Pyrenees
Vertical sheep mobility along the altitudinal gradient through stable isotope analyses in tooth molar bioapatite, meteoric water and pastures: a reference from the Ebro valley to the Central Pyrenees
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通过牙齿磨牙生物磷灰石、大气水和牧场的稳定同位素分析，绵羊沿海拔梯度的垂直移动性：从埃布罗河谷到比利牛斯山脉中部的参考
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2016.11.042
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
M. Rojo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Tornero;M. Aguilera;J. Ferrio;Héctor Arcusa;M. Moreno;Sheila Garcia;M. Rojo
虽然在过去的世纪，涉及垂直绵羊流动的放牧活动的频率有所下降，但这是一种仍然在埃布罗盆地使用的放牧策略，从春末到初秋，动物从越冬的山谷位置移动到比利牛斯山脉。这种做法使牧民能够避免最恶劣的气候条件，季节性地平衡该地区从干燥的低地地中海草原到潮湿的高山亚高山草原的生态区之间的巨大反差。正如最近的区域考古工作所表明的那样，羊群的海拔运动可能始于新石器时代早期第一批定居在这一地区的群体。在这里，我们通过稳定同位素分析研究了仍然进行这种活动的最后一批鸟群之一。通过连续分析（δ 13 C和δ 18 O）对绵羊样本的牙釉质生物磷灰石进行分析，以检测季节性变化。根据降水分布、大气降水δ 18 O的季节变化、植被变化和沿着海拔梯度的草地δ 13 C值等资料，对该地区的齿系进行了解释。绵羊序列中的垂直运动是由δ 13 C和δ 18 O值之间的反比关系来识别的。山谷和山区大气降水δ18O的月变化表现出相同的季节性变化，暖月高，冷月低。牧场分析沿着海拔梯度表明，δ 13 C值随海拔高度下降，与降水的季节性可用性和植被的位置之间的差异。这些结果定义了一个新的分析和概念框架，在这一地区的考古样品的解释。
Although the frequency of pastoral activities involving vertical sheep mobility has decreased over the last century, this is a herding strategy still used in the Ebro basin, where animals move from overwintering valley locations up to the Pyrenees from late spring to early autumn. Such practice allows herders to avoid the worst climatic conditions, seasonally balancing the great contrast between ecological zones in this region, from dry lowland Mediterranean steppe to wet mountain subalpine grasslands. As recent regional archaeological works have suggested, the altitudinal movement of flocks may have begun with the first early Neolithic groups settled in this territory. Here we investigate through stable isotope analyses one of the last flocks that still performs this activity. Sheep specimens were analyzed by sequential analyses (δ13C and δ18O) in bioapatite of tooth enamel, allowing detection of seasonal changes. Tooth series are interpreted according to rainfall distribution, seasonal patterns in δ18O of meteoric water, vegetation changes and δ13C values in pastures along the altitudinal gradient in the area. Vertical movements in sheep sequential series are recognized by an inverse relationship between δ13C and δ18O values. Monthly δ18O values in meteoric water obtained in valley and mountain locations describe the same type of seasonal oscillation, with high values during the warm months and low values during the cold months. Pastures analyzed along the altitudinal gradient showed a decrease in δ13C values with altitude, linked to the seasonal availability of precipitation and vegetation differences among locations. These results define a new analytical and conceptual framework for the interpretation of archaeological samples in this region.