BOLD Response Selective to Flow-Motion in Very Young Infants.
BOLD Response Selective to Flow-Motion in Very Young Infants.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1002260
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Morrone MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Biagi L;Crespi SA;Tosetti M;Morrone MC
在成年人中，运动知觉是由枕叶、顶叶、颞叶和岛叶皮质区组成的广泛网络介导的。尽管行为研究表明，婴儿的运动知觉在出生时是初步的，并在最初的几年中稳步成熟，但对婴儿视觉运动的神经基础知之甚少。在这里，通过测量血液氧合水平依赖（BOLD）的反应流与随机运动刺激，我们表明，在成年人的运动处理服务的主要皮层区域是由7周的年龄。静息状态的相关性表明，成年人一样的运动选择性关联区之间的功能连接，但不是初级皮质和颞枕叶和后岛皮质之间。两者合计，结果表明，运动知觉的发展可能受到皮质下输入和皮质-皮质连接的缓慢成熟的限制。此外，他们支持存在独立的输入初级（V1）和颞枕（V5/MT+）皮层在生命的早期。虽然7周大的婴儿感知运动的灵敏度不高，但这项研究表明，他们的大脑有一个完善的网络，对视觉流动运动有选择性的关联皮层区域。虽然我们知道视觉脑在出生时是不成熟的，但关于人类视觉系统发育的时间轴却没有确切的信息。尽管如此，人们通常认为大脑皮层的成熟是缓慢的，主要视觉区域首先发育，然后是高级联想区域。在这里，我们使用功能性磁共振成像在非常年轻的婴儿，以表明这是不是这样的。成年人对移动的物体高度敏感，对他们在环境中移动时投射在视网膜上的虚假流高度敏感。流量感知是由一个广泛的网络，涉及初级和联合视觉区，但也前庭联合皮层，介导身体运动的感知（向量）。我们的数据表明，这个复杂的网络，更高的联合领域的建立和良好的发展，7周龄，包括前庭联合皮层。有趣的是，初级视觉皮层的成熟滞后于高级联合皮层;这表明在这个发展阶段，初级和联合皮层存在独立的皮层输入，解释了为什么婴儿还没有像成年人那样敏感地感知运动。
In adults, motion perception is mediated by an extensive network of occipital, parietal, temporal, and insular cortical areas. Little is known about the neural substrate of visual motion in infants, although behavioural studies suggest that motion perception is rudimentary at birth and matures steadily over the first few years. Here, by measuring Blood Oxygenated Level Dependent (BOLD) responses to flow versus random-motion stimuli, we demonstrate that the major cortical areas serving motion processing in adults are operative by 7 wk of age. Resting-state correlations demonstrate adult-like functional connectivity between the motion-selective associative areas, but not between primary cortex and temporo-occipital and posterior-insular cortices. Taken together, the results suggest that the development of motion perception may be limited by slow maturation of the subcortical input and of the cortico-cortical connections. In addition they support the existence of independent input to primary (V1) and temporo-occipital (V5/MT+) cortices very early in life. Although 7-wk-old infants do not perceive motion with fine sensitivity, this study shows that their brains have a well-established network of associative cortical areas selective to visual flow-motion. While it is known that the visual brain is immature at birth, there is little firm information about the developmental timeline of the visual system in humans. Despite this, it is commonly assumed that the cortex matures slowly, with primary visual areas developing first, followed by higher associative regions. Here we use fMRI in very young infants to show that this isn’t the case. Adults are highly sensitive to moving objects, and to the spurious flow projected on their retinas while they move in the environment. Flow perception is mediated by an extensive network of areas involving primary and associative visual areas, but also vestibular associative cortices that mediate the perception of body motion (vection). Our data demonstrate that this complex network of higher associative areas is established and well developed by 7 wk of age, including the vestibular associative cortex. Interestingly, the maturation of the primary visual cortex lags behind the higher associative cortex; this suggests the existence of independent cortical inputs to the primary and the associative cortex at this stage of development, explaining why infants do not yet perceive motion with the same sensitivity as adults.