Functional imaging studies in cannabis users
Functional imaging studies in cannabis users
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/1073858406296601
复制
发表时间：
2007-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Chronicle, Edward P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chang, Linda;Chronicle, Edward P.
大麻仍然是美国使用最广泛的非法药物。本次更新审查了有关大麻使用者大脑神经影像学研究的现有文献。大多数研究使用PET方法检查δ-9-四氢大麻酚（THC）给药的急性效应，并得出结论，THC给药导致额叶和边缘区以及小脑的激活增加。这些激活的增加与药物的行为效应大致一致。虽然只有模棱两可的证据表明，长期使用大麻可能会导致大脑结构的变化，但对长期使用者的血氧水平依赖性功能磁共振成像研究一致表明，负责更高认知功能的大脑网络的激活会发生改变或神经适应。目前还不确定这些变化是否可以通过禁欲来逆转。鉴于青少年使用大麻的流行率很高，需要进行研究，以评估使用大麻是否会影响发育中的大脑。还需要进行大量的进一步工作，采用纵向设计，以确定大麻的使用是否会导致成年人大脑的永久性功能改变。
Cannabis remains the most widely used illegal drug in the United States. This update examines the available literature on neuroimaging studies of the brains of cannabis users. The majority of studies examining the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration used PET methods and concluded that administration of THC leads to increased activation in frontal and paralimbic regions and the cerebellum. These increases in activation are broadly consistent with the behavioral effects of the drug. Although there is only equivocal evidence that chronic cannabis use might result in structural brain changes, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent-fMRI studies in chronic users consistently show alterations, or neuroadaptation, in the activation of brain networks responsible for higher cognitive functions. It is not yet certain whether these changes are reversible with abstinence. Given the high prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents, studies are needed to evaluate whether cannabis use might affect the developing brain. Considerable further work, employing longitudinal designs, is also required to determine whether cannabis use causes permanent functional alterations in the brains of adults.