Flavonoid biosynthesis. A colorful model for genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and biotechnology
Flavonoid biosynthesis. A colorful model for genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and biotechnology
复制标题
DOI：
10.1104/pp.126.2.485
复制
发表时间：
2001-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Winkel-Shirley, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Winkel-Shirley, B
黄酮类化合物作为植物中主要的红色、蓝色和紫色色素，近年来引起了人们的广泛关注。从1664年Robert Boyle首次描述酸和碱对植物色素的影响，到20世纪末结构和调控基因的表征，人们收集了大量关于这些化合物的结构、化学活性和生物合成的信息。黄酮类化合物是一个相对多样化的芳香分子家族，由苯丙氨酸和丙二酰辅酶a （CoA；通过脂肪酸途径）衍生而来。这些化合物包括在大多数高等植物中发现的六个主要亚群：查尔酮、黄酮、黄酮醇、黄烷二醇、花青素和浓缩单宁（或原花青素）；第七组，极光，分布广泛，但不是无处不在（图1）。一些植物还能合成特殊形式的黄酮类化合物，如豆科植物和少数非豆科植物中发现的异黄酮类化合物。
The role of flavonoids as the major red, blue, and purple pigments in plants has gained these secondary products a great deal of attention over the years. From the first description of acid and base effects on plant pigments by Robert Boyle in 1664 to the characterization of structural and regulatory genes in the late 20th century, a wealth of information has been collected on the structures, chemical activities, and biosynthesis of these compounds. Flavonoids constitute a relatively diverse family of aromatic molecules that are derived from Phe and malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA; via the fatty acid pathway). These compounds include six major subgroups that are found in most higher plants: the chalcones, flavones, flavonols, flavandiols, anthocyanins, and condensed tannins (or proanthocyanidins); a seventh group, the aurones, is widespread, but not ubiquitous (Fig. 1). Some plant species also synthesize specialized forms of flavonoids, such as the isoflavonoids that are found in legumes and a small number of nonlegume plants.