Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system
Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system
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DOI：
10.1007/s10741-015-9475-x
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Rastaldo, Raffaella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Folino, Anna;Montarolo, Pier Giorgio;Rastaldo, Raffaella
爱帕琳是作用于APJ受体的内源性肽。它由几种以不同数量的氨基酸为特征的同种型组成。活性同种型中的氨基酸数量范围为36至12个。爱帕琳-13和在较小程度上爱帕琳-36被认为是对心血管稳态具有最大活性的最具活性的同种型。通常由内源性爱帕琳的基础水平发挥的作用不仅可以通过其上调来增强，而且还可以通过其外源性施用来增强。本文综述了Apelin对健康和衰竭心脏的心脏发育、血管紧张素、血管生成、心肌收缩力以及预防缺血再灌注损伤、心脏纤维化和重塑等心血管功能的影响。还考虑了心力衰竭进展过程中爱帕琳水平的双相变化。虽然爱帕琳在正常和衰竭心脏中发挥的正性肌力作用表明该肽可用于治疗心力衰竭，但其作用的有限持续时间和程度不支持这种可能性，除非进行持久（6 h）输注以克服其短寿命的限制。然而，尽管关于变力活性特征的数据没有为治疗活动性心力衰竭提供强有力的支持，但爱帕琳可用于预防心力衰竭，因为其在限制心肌缺血的后果如梗死面积和心脏重塑方面的活性。
Apelin is an endogenous peptide acting on the APJ receptor. It consists of several isoforms characterized by different numbers of amino acids. The number of amino acids in the active isoforms range from 36 to 12. Apelin-13 and, to a lesser extent, apelin-36 are considered the most active isoforms with the greatest activity on the cardiovascular homeostasis. The effects normally exerted by the basal level of endogenous apelin can be enhanced not only by its up-regulation, but may also by its exogenous administration. The present review considers the effects of apelin on various aspects of the cardiovascular function, such as cardiac development, vasomotor tone, angiogenesis, myocardial inotropy in healthy and failing hearts as well as the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. Also the biphasic changes in apelin level during the evolution of heart failure are considered. Although the positive inotropic effect exerted by apelin in normal and failing hearts would suggest the use of this peptide in the treatment of heart failure, the limited duration and extent of its effect do not support this possibility, unless a long-lasting (6 h) infusion is performed to overcome the limit of its short life. However, although the data on the characteristics of the inotropic activity do not provide a strong support for the treatment of active heart failure, apelin may be used in the prevention of heart failure because of its activity in limiting the consequences of myocardial ischemia such as infarct size and cardiac remodeling.