Cultural transmission and the evolution of human behaviour: a general approach based on the Price equation
Cultural transmission and the evolution of human behaviour: a general approach based on the Price equation
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DOI：
10.1111/jeb.12296
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Nettle, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
El Mouden, C.;Andre, J. -B.;Nettle, D.
传播的文化可以被看作是一种遗传系统，它在某种程度上独立于基因，它本身受到遗传过程的影响。虽然许多作者将文化变迁概念化为达尔文主义的过程，但没有普遍认同的正式框架来定义文化案例的关键概念，如自然选择，适应性，相关性和利他主义。在这里，我们提出并探讨这样一个框架，使用价格方程。假设一个孤立的，独立的可测量的文化传播的特征，我们表明，文化的自然选择最大限度地提高文化适应性，从遗传适应性的一个不同的数量，也是文化的相关性和文化的利他主义是不可还原的或必然相关的遗传对应物。我们表明，当文化适应度与遗传适应度不完全一致时，基因和文化之间就会发生对抗性的协同进化，因为遗传选择会塑造心理机制，以避免对承担遗传适应度成本的文化特征的易感性。我们讨论的困难与概念化的文化变革的进化理论的框架，在何种程度上文化进化是自主的遗传进化，在何种程度上文化变革应被视为一个达尔文的过程。我们认为，进化变化的非选择成分是更重要的文化比基因，这和其他重要的差异，从遗传的情况下，意味着不同的方法和重点是需要文化比遗传过程。
Transmitted culture can be viewed as an inheritance system somewhat independent of genes that is subject to processes of descent with modification in its own right. Although many authors have conceptualized cultural change as a Darwinian process, there is no generally agreed formal framework for defining key concepts such as natural selection, fitness, relatedness and altruism for the cultural case. Here, we present and explore such a framework using the Price equation. Assuming an isolated, independently measurable culturally transmitted trait, we show that cultural natural selection maximizes cultural fitness, a distinct quantity from genetic fitness, and also that cultural relatedness and cultural altruism are not reducible to or necessarily related to their genetic counterparts. We show that antagonistic coevolution will occur between genes and culture whenever cultural fitness is not perfectly aligned with genetic fitness, as genetic selection will shape psychological mechanisms to avoid susceptibility to cultural traits that bear a genetic fitness cost. We discuss the difficulties with conceptualizing cultural change using the framework of evolutionary theory, the degree to which cultural evolution is autonomous from genetic evolution, and the extent to which cultural change should be seen as a Darwinian process. We argue that the nonselection components of evolutionary change are much more important for culture than for genes, and that this and other important differences from the genetic case mean that different approaches and emphases are needed for cultural than genetic processes.