Balancing Cognitive Demands: Control Adjustments in the Stop-Signal Paradigm
Balancing Cognitive Demands: Control Adjustments in the Stop-Signal Paradigm
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DOI：
10.1037/a0021800
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Logan, Gordon D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bissett, Patrick G.;Logan, Gordon D.
认知控制使人们能够灵活地与动态环境互动。在两个实验中，作者研究了停止信号范式中的控制调节，这是一个在双重任务环境中需要平衡速度(前进)和谨慎(停止)的过程。着眼于停车信号后围棋反应时间的减慢，作者测试了停车信号后调整的5个相互竞争的假说：目标优先、错误检测、冲突监控、惊喜和记忆。抑制成功和失败后反应时均增加，与目标优先假说一致，与错误检测和冲突假说不一致。如果围棋任务刺激在连续的试验中重复，停止后信号的减慢幅度更大，这表明这是记忆的贡献。我们还发现了减速的证据，而不仅仅是基于紧随其后的停车信号。停止信号出现的频率越高(实验1)，停止信号出现的频率越高(实验1)，与惊喜假说不一致，并且抑制失败的次数越多(实验2)，停止后信号减慢的程度就越大。这表明，包括许多试验在内的更多全球操纵会影响停车信号后的调整。
Cognitive control enables flexible interaction with a dynamic environment. In 2 experiments, the authors investigated control adjustments in the stop-signal paradigm, a procedure that requires balancing speed (going) and caution (stopping) in a dual-task environment. Focusing on the slowing of go reaction times after stop signals, the authors tested 5 competing hypotheses for post-stop-signal adjustments: goal priority, error detection, conflict monitoring, surprise, and memory. Reaction times increased after both successful and failed inhibition, consistent with the goal priority hypothesis and inconsistent with the error detection and conflict hypotheses. Post-stop-signal slowing was greater if the go task stimulus repeated on consecutive trials, suggesting a contribution of memory. We also found evidence for slowing based on more than the immediately preceding stop signal. Post-stop-signal slowing was greater when stop signals occurred more frequently (Experiment 1), inconsistent with the surprise hypothesis, and when inhibition failed more frequently (Experiment 2). This suggests that more global manipulations encompassing many trials affect post-stop-signal adjustments.