Oil Spills and Human Health: Contributions of the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative.
Oil Spills and Human Health: Contributions of the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative.
复制标题
石油泄漏与人类健康：墨西哥湾研究计划的贡献。
DOI：
10.1029/2019gh000217
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Colwell,RitaC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eklund,RuthL;Knapp,LandonC;Sandifer,PaulA;Colwell,RitaC
墨西哥湾研究计划（GoMRI）成立于2010年，由英国石油公司在10年内提供5亿美元的资金，以支持对深水地平线石油泄漏和恢复影响的研究。迄今为止，GoMRI项目对人类健康的贡献在2011年至2019年5月期间发表的32篇同行评审论文中有所体现。对这些文件进行审查后得出的主要结论是：（一）在石油清理中使用的大量分散剂与人类健康问题有关，包括通过致肥性、毒性和制剂雾化引起的疾病;（二）石油污染与受石油影响的沃茨中有害藻华和致病弧菌数量增加的可能性有关;和（iii）海湾社区的成员严重依赖自然资源的生计被发现容易受到生活中断和制度不信任的影响。正相关性包括一个发现，高水平的社区依恋有利于恢复。为改善灾害应对和减少与压力相关的健康影响而采取的行动可以减少未来类似灾害的负面影响。此外，GoMRI还支持从2013年开始的年度会议，在这些会议上进行了与人类健康相关的信息介绍。根据这一审查，建议对1990年《石油污染法》进行更新，以包括增加对石油泄漏对人类健康影响的供资。
The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) was established in 2010 with $500 million in funding provided by British Petroleum over a 10‐year period to support research on the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and recovery. Contributions of the GoMRI program to date focused on human health are presented in more than 32 peer‐reviewed papers published between 2011 and May 2019. Primary findings from review of these papers are (i) the large quantity of dispersants used in the oil cleanup have been associated with human health concerns, including through obesogenicity, toxicity, and illnesses from aerosolization of the agents; (ii) oil contamination has been associated with potential for increases in harmful algal blooms and numbers of pathogenicVibriobacteria in oil‐impacted waters; and (iii) members of Gulf communities who are heavily reliant upon natural resources for their livelihoods were found to be vulnerable to high levels of life disruptions and institutional distrust. Positive correlations include a finding that a high level of community attachment was beneficial for recovery. Actions taken to improve disaster response and reduce stress‐associated health effects could lessen negative impacts of similar disasters in the future. Furthermore, GoMRI has supported annual conferences beginning in 2013 at which informative human health‐related presentations have been made. Based on this review, it is recommended that the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 be updated to include enhanced funding for oil spill impacts to human health.