Emission of hexanal and carbon monoxide from storage of wood pellets, a potential occupational and domestic health hazard
Emission of hexanal and carbon monoxide from storage of wood pellets, a potential occupational and domestic health hazard
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DOI：
10.1093/annhyg/meh015
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Galle, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Svedberg, URA;Högberg, HE;Galle, B
目的：本研究的目的是调查和描述的挥发性化合物，特别是己醛和一氧化碳的排放量，从大型和小型存储的木pellet.Methods：空气采样进行傅立叶变换红外光谱和吸附剂采样在颗粒仓库，国内储藏室，木材干燥窑和实验装置。文献研究包括描述己醛和一氧化碳的形成和己醛的毒理学。结果：在一个仓库中发现醛的几何平均水平为111 +/- 32 mg/m3，峰值阅读为156 mg/m3。在颗粒堆表面记录到的最大醛阅读为457 mg/m3。己醛（70- 80%w/w）和戊醛（10- 15%w/w）占主导地位，但也发现丙酮（821 +/- 24 mg/m3）、甲醇（18 7 mg/m3）和一氧化碳（56 +/- 4 mg/m3）。在这些储藏室内记录的醛含量为98 +/- 4毫克/立方米，一氧化碳含量为123 +/- 10毫克/立方米。在住宅内记录到较高的己醛水平（0.084 mg/m3），在与密封不良的储存区相邻的房间内记录到6 mg/m3。实验室研究证实了实地研究的结果。工业木材干燥的排放量的实地研究也表明醛和一氧化碳的形成。结论：高水平的己醛和一氧化碳与木材颗粒的储存密切相关，可能构成职业和家庭健康危害。木材干燥的结果表明，己醛和一氧化碳的排放不仅限于木屑颗粒，而是由木材的一般降解过程引起的，在高温下干燥促进。木质物料在低温下排放一氧化碳（
Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate and describe the emissions of volatile compounds, particularly hexanal and carbon monoxide, from large- and small-scale storage of wood pellets.Methods: Air sampling was performed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and adsorbent sampling in pellet warehouses, domestic storage rooms, lumber kiln dryers and experimental set-ups. Literature studies were included to describe the formation of hexanal and carbon monoxide and the toxicology of hexanal.Results: A geometric mean aldehyde level of 111 +/- 32 mg/m(3) was found in one warehouse, with a peak reading of 156 mg/m(3). A maximum aldehyde reading of 457 mg/m(3) was recorded at the surface of a pellet pile. Hexanal (70-80% w/w) and pentanal (10-15% w/w) dominated, but acetone (821 +/- 24 mg/m(3)), methanol (18 7 mg/m(3)) and carbon monoxide (56 +/- 4 mg/m(3)) were also found. The emissions in a domestic storage room varied with the ambient temperature and peaked after 2 months storage in the midst of the warm season. Aldehyde levels of 98 +/- 4 mg/m(3) and carbon monoxide levels of 123 +/- 10 mg/m(3) were recorded inside such storage rooms. Elevated levels of hexanal (0.084 mg/m(3)) were recorded inside domestic housing and 6 mg/m(3) in a room adjacent to a poorly sealed storage area. Experimental laboratory studies confirmed the findings of the field studies. A field study of the emissions from industrial lumber drying also showed the formation of aldehydes and carbon monoxide.Conclusions: High levels of hexanal and carbon monoxide were strongly associated with storage of wood pellets and may constitute an occupational and domestic health hazard. The results from lumber drying show that the emissions of hexanal and carbon monoxide are not limited to wood pellets but are caused by general degradation processes of wood, facilitated by drying at elevated temperature. Emission of carbon monoxide from wood materials at low temperatures (