Challenges to communicating the Undetectable equals Untransmittable (U=U) HIV prevention message: Healthcare provider perspectives.

Challenges to communicating the Undetectable equals Untransmittable (U=U) HIV prevention message: Healthcare provider perspectives.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0271607
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
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--
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“检测不到等于无法传播” (U=U)是一项公共卫生信息,旨在减少对艾滋病毒的耻辱感,并帮助传达科学共识,即当艾滋病毒感染者的病毒载量检测不到时,艾滋病毒就不会通过性行为传播。在2020年10月至2021年2月期间,我们在加拿大安大略省对不同的艾滋病毒/性传播感染服务提供者(护士、公共卫生工作者、医生、一线提供者和性健康教育者)进行了11次深度访谈和3个焦点小组(n = 18)。我们的目标是了解在卫生保健互动中如何将U=U传达给性健康服务使用者。访谈问题被嵌入到一项更大的研究中,该研究的重点是改善获得艾滋病毒/性传播感染检测的机会。抄本逐字抄录,并根据扎实的理论进行分析。大多数提供者强调U=U作为预防艾滋病毒的生物医学进步的重要性,但在日常实践中传播U=U存在一些挑战。在传递U=U信息时,我们发现了四个相互关联的障碍:(1)提供者认为存在“零风险”信息的挑战(例如,想要在艾滋病毒风险上“留有余地”);(2)服务使用者对接受性健康信息不感兴趣(例如,为了提供“以客户为中心的护理”,如果服务使用者只对艾滋病毒/性传播感染检测感兴趣,或者必须优先考虑其他讨论,一些提供者就不分享U=U信息);(3)服务使用者的怀疑和艾滋病毒污名(例如,提供者解释了一些服务使用者接受U=U信息的犹豫是如何受到艾滋病毒预防信息的遗留问题和持续的艾滋病毒污名的影响);(4)需要更多文化上适当的资源(例如,除性和性别少数群体男性以外的社区;非英语服务使用者;这说明了更广泛的法律背景)。我们讨论了如何克服传播U=U信息的障碍,以及在艾滋病毒预防和治疗机会不平等的背景下,U=U框架的局限性和潜在的意外后果。
“Undetectable equals Untransmittable”, or U=U, is a public health message designed to reduce HIV stigma and help communicate the scientific consensus that HIV cannot be sexually transmitted when a person living with HIV has an undetectable viral load. Between October 2020-February 2021 we conducted 11 in-depth interviews and 3 focus groups with diverse HIV/STI service providers (nurses, public health workers, physicians, frontline providers, and sexual health educators) in Ontario, Canada (n = 18). Our objective was to understand how U=U was communicated to sexual health service users in healthcare interactions. Interview questions were embedded in a larger study focused on improving access to HIV/STI testing. Transcripts were transcribed verbatim and analysed following grounded theory. Most providers emphasized the significance of U=U as a biomedical advancement in HIV prevention but had some challenges communicating U=U in everyday practice. We discovered four interrelated barriers when communicating the U=U message: (1) provider-perceived challenges with “zero risk” messaging (e.g., wanting to “leave a margin” of HIV risk); (2) service users not interested in receiving sexual health information (e.g., in order to provide “client centered care” some providers do not share U=U messages if service users are only interested in HIV/STI testing or if other discussions must be prioritized); (3) skepticism and HIV stigma from service users (e.g., providers explained how the hesitancy of some service users accepting the U=U message was shaped by a legacy of HIV prevention messages and persistent HIV stigma); and (4) need for more culturally appropriate resources (e.g., communities other than sexual and gender minority men; non-English speaking service users; that account for broader legal context). We discuss ways to overcome barriers to communicating the U=U message as well as the limitations and potential unintended consequences of U=U framings in the context of unequal access to HIV prevention and treatment.
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