Global Cancer Statistics, 2012
Global Cancer Statistics, 2012
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DOI：
10.3322/caac.21262
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
254.7
通讯作者：
Jemal, Ahmedin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Torre, Lindsey A.;Bray, Freddie;Jemal, Ahmedin
癌症对经济发达国家和经济不发达国家的社会都构成巨大负担。癌症的发生率正在增加，因为人口的增长和老龄化，以及吸烟、超重、缺乏体育活动等既定风险因素的日益普遍，以及与城市化和经济发展有关的生殖模式的变化。根据GLOBOCAN的估计，2012年全球约有1410万新发癌症病例和820万死亡病例。多年来，负担已转移到欠发达国家，目前占全球癌症病例的57%和癌症死亡的65%。在较发达国家和欠发达国家，肺癌都是男性癌症死亡的主要原因，在较发达国家，肺癌已超过乳腺癌，成为女性癌症死亡的主要原因;在欠发达国家，乳腺癌仍然是女性癌症死亡的主要原因。较发达国家癌症死亡的其他主要原因包括男性和女性的结肠直肠癌和男性的前列腺癌。在欠发达国家，男性的肝癌和胃癌以及女性的宫颈癌也是癌症死亡的主要原因。虽然在较发达国家，所有癌症的发病率加起来几乎是较不发达国家男性和女性发病率的两倍，但较发达国家的死亡率仅高出8%至15%。这种差异反映了癌症组合的区域差异，这受到风险因素和检测方法和/或治疗可用性的影响。与癌症死亡的主要原因相关的风险因素包括吸烟（肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和肝癌）、超重/肥胖和缺乏身体活动（乳腺癌和结直肠癌）以及感染（肝癌、胃癌和宫颈癌）。大部分癌症病例和死亡可以通过广泛采用有效的预防措施来预防，如烟草控制、疫苗接种和使用早期检测检测。CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65：87-108. (c)2015年美国癌症协会
Cancer constitutes an enormous burden on society in more and less economically developed countries alike. The occurrence of cancer is increasing because of the growth and aging of the population, as well as an increasing prevalence of established risk factors such as smoking, overweight, physical inactivity, and changing reproductive patterns associated with urbanization and economic development. Based on GLOBOCAN estimates, about 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths occurred in 2012 worldwide. Over the years, the burden has shifted to less developed countries, which currently account for about 57% of cases and 65% of cancer deaths worldwide. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among males in both more and less developed countries, and has surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among females in more developed countries; breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death among females in less developed countries. Other leading causes of cancer death in more developed countries include colorectal cancer among males and females and prostate cancer among males. In less developed countries, liver and stomach cancer among males and cervical cancer among females are also leading causes of cancer death. Although incidence rates for all cancers combined are nearly twice as high in more developed than in less developed countries in both males and females, mortality rates are only 8% to 15% higher in more developed countries. This disparity reflects regional differences in the mix of cancers, which is affected by risk factors and detection practices, and/or the availability of treatment. Risk factors associated with the leading causes of cancer death include tobacco use (lung, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancer), overweight/obesity and physical inactivity (breast and colorectal cancer), and infection (liver, stomach, and cervical cancer). A substantial portion of cancer cases and deaths could be prevented by broadly applying effective prevention measures, such as tobacco control, vaccination, and the use of early detection tests. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65: 87-108. (c) 2015 American Cancer Society.