Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice
Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice
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DOI：
10.1525/elementa.2021.000046
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发表时间：
2022-02-07
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Wendisch, Manfred
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nicolaus, Marcel;Perovich, Donald K.;Wendisch, Manfred
在2019年10月至2020年9月北冰洋研究船Polarstern的北极气候研究多学科漂流观测站（MOSAiC）考察期间，对冰雪的物理特性和过程进行了全年观测，这些特性和过程决定了冰盖的演变及其与大气和海洋的相互作用。这项工作被嵌入到5个MOSAiC团队的跨学科设计中，研究大气、海冰、海洋、生态系统和地球化学过程。在MOSAiC期间进行雪和海冰观测的总体目标是全面描述整个年度周期内北极中部冰雪覆盖的物理特性。这一目标是通过对冰雪的物理特性以及能量和质量平衡的详细观测实现的。通过研究从厘米到几十公里的嵌套空间尺度上的雪和海冰动力学，可以考虑跨尺度的变化。在所有季节的不同表面类型的原位和遥感特性的冰上观测将有助于改善数值过程和气候模型，并建立和验证新的卫星遥感方法;与伴随的机载测量，卫星观测和数值模型的结果的联系进行了讨论。我们发现雪变质和热制度影响海冰生长的大的空间变化。我们的结论是，高度可变的积雪需要更详细地考虑（在观测，遥感和模型），以更好地了解雪相关的反馈过程。浮冰显示出在所有季节里都在沿着漂流带快速变化和运动。详细观察到的冰-海洋界面耦合过程的数量预计将指导即将进行的关于北极海冰变化的研究。
Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties and processes that govern the ice pack evolution and its interaction with the atmosphere and the ocean were conducted during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition of the research vessel Polarstern in the Arctic Ocean from October 2019 to September 2020. This work was embedded into the interdisciplinary design of the 5 MOSAiC teams, studying the atmosphere, the sea ice, the ocean, the ecosystem, and biogeochemical processes. The overall aim of the snow and sea ice observations during MOSAiC was to characterize the physical properties of the snow and ice cover comprehensively in the central Arctic over an entire annual cycle. This objective was achieved by detailed observations of physical properties and of energy and mass balance of snow and ice. By studying snow and sea ice dynamics over nested spatial scales from centimeters to tens of kilometers, the variability across scales can be considered. On-ice observations of in situ and remote sensing properties of the different surface types over all seasons will help to improve numerical process and climate models and to establish and validate novel satellite remote sensing methods; the linkages to accompanying airborne measurements, satellite observations, and results of numerical models are discussed. We found large spatial variabilities of snow metamorphism and thermal regimes impacting sea ice growth. We conclude that the highly variable snow cover needs to be considered in more detail (in observations, remote sensing, and models) to better understand snow-related feedback processes. The ice pack revealed rapid transformations and motions along the drift in all seasons. The number of coupled ice-ocean interface processes observed in detail are expected to guide upcoming research with respect to the changing Arctic sea ice.