Changing the waveform of circadian rhythms: considerations for shift-work.
Changing the waveform of circadian rhythms: considerations for shift-work.
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DOI：
10.3389/fneur.2012.00072
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Gorman MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harrison EM;Gorman MR
轮班工作中的昼夜节律紊乱很常见，对健康和表现有有害影响。目前减轻这些危害的努力合理地集中在昼夜节律起搏器的相位上，不幸的是，在人类中，这种相位变化缓慢且往往不完全。节律波形的时间重组（即，其24小时振荡的形状），而不是相位，可以更好地匹配轮班工人的性能要求，并且可以在动物中快速和可行地实施。事实上，分叉的起搏器波形可以允许双峰睡眠/觉醒节律的稳定夹带，从而促进夜间和白天的警觉性。虽然分叉尚未在人类中正式评估，但昼夜节律组织和可塑性的保守性质的证据预测了其发生：人类对波形的常规操纵（例如，光周期性）;行为上，睡眠/清醒节律是可适应的;最后，人类昼夜节律系统可能源自相同的多个细胞振荡器，其允许啮齿动物起搏器中的波形灵活性。简而言之，研究人类未经尝试的波形操作，以促进调整到具有挑战性的时间表是合理的。
Circadian disruption in shift-work is common and has deleterious effects on health and performance. Current efforts to mitigate these harms reasonably focus on the phase of the circadian pacemaker, which unfortunately in humans, shifts slowly and often incompletely. Temporal reorganization of rhythmic waveform (i.e., the shape of its 24 h oscillation), rather than phase, however, may better match performance demands of shift-workers and can be quickly and feasibly implemented in animals. In fact, a bifurcated pacemaker waveform may permit stable entrainment of a bimodal sleep/wake rhythm promoting alertness in both night and daylight hours. Although bifurcation has yet to be formally assessed in humans, evidence of conserved properties of circadian organization and plasticity predict its occurrence: humans respond to conventional manipulations of waveform (e.g., photoperiodism); behaviorally, the sleep/wake rhythm is adaptable; and finally, the human circadian system likely derives from the same multiple cellular oscillators that permit waveform flexibility in the rodent pacemaker. In short, investigation into untried manipulations of waveform in humans to facilitate adjustment to challenging schedules is justified.