The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: synopsis of species groups and revision of the T. ambigua-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: synopsis of species groups and revision of the T. ambigua-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
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非洲热带地区的蚂蚁属 Tetraponera：物种组概要和 T. ambigua 组修订（膜翅目：蚁科）
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
P. S. Ward
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作者：
P. S. Ward
对非洲热带地区（包括马达加斯加）蚂蚁属 Tetraponera F. SMITH, 1862 的物种进行了评估，并建立了五个单系物种组。为这些组提供了密钥，并总结了它们的组成和分布。这些分支之一，T. ambigua 群，在物种层面进行了修订。在该组中，提出了以下新同义词（先列出高级同义词）： T. ambigua (EMERY, 1895) = T. erythraea (EMERY, 1895) = T. bifoveolata (MAYR, 1895) = T. bifoveolata maculifrons (SANTSCHI, 1912) = T. ambigua rhodesiana (FOREL, 1913) = T. bifoveolata syriaca (WHEELER & MANN, 1916) = T. encephala (SANTSCHI, 1919) = T. olookingmica angolensis SANTSCHI, 1930 = T. ambigua occidentalis MENOZZI, 1934; T. oathmica (EMERY, 1912) = T. olookingmica tenebrosa SANTSCHI, 1928 = T. olookingmica unidens SANTSCHI, 1928 = T. nasuta BERNARD, 1953。这将有效物种的数量减少到两个，即 T. ambigua 和 T. olookingmica，两者均广泛分布于非洲大陆。描述了另外两个物种：来自东非的 T. parops sp.n. 和来自马达加斯加西北部的 T. phragmotica sp.n.。 T. ambigua 组中的所有四个物种都具有二态工蚁种姓，这一特征在 Pseudomyrmecinae 亚科中是未知的。 T. phragmotica sp.n. 的主要工蜂和蜂王。具有插头状的头部，与蚁族 Camponotini 中远亲蚂蚁的头部非常相似。简要讨论了 T. ambigua 类群的系统发育和生物地理学历史。
The Afrotropical (including Malagasy) species of the ant genus Tetraponera F. SMITH, 1862 are evaluated, and five monophyletic species groups are established. A key is provided to these groups and their composition and distribution are summarized. One of these clades, the T. ambigua-group, is revised at the species level. Within this group the following new synonymies are proposed (senior synonyms listed first): T. ambigua (EMERY, 1895) = T. erythraea (EMERY, 1895) = T. bifoveolata (MAYR, 1895) = T. bifoveolata maculifrons (SANTSCHI, 1912) = T. ambigua rhodesiana (FOREL, 1913) = T. bifoveolata syriaca (WHEELER & MANN, 1916) = T. encephala (SANTSCHI, 1919) = T. ophthalmica angolensis SANTSCHI, 1930 = T. ambigua occidentalis MENOZZI, 1934; and T. ophthalmica (EMERY, 1912) = T. ophthalmica tenebrosa SANTSCHI, 1928 = T. ophthalmica unidens SANTSCHI, 1928 = T. nasuta BERNARD, 1953. This reduces the number of valid species to two, T. ambigua and T. ophthalmica, both widely distributed on the African continent. Two additional species are described: T. parops sp.n., from east Africa and T. phragmotica sp.n., from northwestern Madagascar. All four species in the T. ambigua-group have a dimorphic worker caste, a trait otherwise unknown in the subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae. The major workers and queens of T. phragmotica sp.n. have plugshaped heads, which are remarkably convergent with those of distantly related ant species in the formicine tribe Camponotini. The phylogeny and biogeographic history of the T. ambigua-group are briefly discussed.