Phenotypic diversity and stability of ecosystem processes.
Phenotypic diversity and stability of ecosystem processes.
复制标题
生态系统过程的表型多样性和稳定性。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
N. Behera
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Loreau;N. Behera
生态系统对扰动的抵抗力和扰动后的恢复速度，即复原力，是生态系统稳定性的两个重要组成部分。生物多样性增加了聚集生态系统过程的恢复力和抵抗力。我们使用异质环境中营养有限的生态系统的理论模型来检验这一假设。我们研究了该模型在其最简单的可能配置下的稳定性特性，即一个由两种植物物种及其相关的碎屑和局部资源枯竭区组成的系统。植物群落内的表型多样性是由两个物种的营养吸收和死亡率的差异来描述的。复原力的通常衡量标准是将系统作为一个整体来描述，因此也适用于总体生态系统过程。一般来说，这一数值随着多样性的增加而减小，尽管在某些条件下，对于多样性的中间值，这一数值是最大的。电阻是表征每个系统组件和过程的特性。随着多样性的增加，生态系统中无机营养库的抵抗力降低，从而降低了营养保留。随着多样性的增加，植物总生物量和生产力的抗性在部分参数范围内单调降低或增加。此外，它对参数值非常敏感。这些结果支持这样一种观点，即在平衡确定性系统中，无论是在种群水平还是在总体生态系统过程水平上，多样性和稳定性之间都不存在简单的关系。我们结合最近的实验来讨论这些结果。
The resistance of an ecosystem to perturbations and the speed at which it recovers after the perturbations, which is called resilience, are two important components of ecosystem stability. It has been suggested that biodiversity increases the resilience and resistance of aggregated ecosystem processes. We test this hypothesis using a theoretical model of a nutrient-limited ecosystem in a heterogeneous environment. We investigate the stability properties of the model for its simplest possible configuration, i.e. , a system consisting of two plant species and their associated detritus and local resource depletion zones. Phenotypic diversity within the plant community is described by differences in the nutrient uptake and mortality rates of the two species. The usual measure of resilience characterizes the system as a whole and thus also applies to aggregated ecosystem processes. As a rule this decreases with increased diversity, though under certain conditions it is maximum for an intermediate value of diversity. Resistance is a property that characterizes each system component and process separately. The resistance of the inorganic nutrient pools, hence of nutrient retention in the ecosystem, decreases with increased diversity. The resistance of both total plant biomass and productivity either monotonically decreases or increases over part of the parameter range with increased diversity. Furthermore, it is very sensitive to parameter values. These results support the view that there is no simple relationship between diversity and stability in equilibrium deterministic systems, whether at the level of populations or aggregated ecosystem processes. We discuss these results in relation to recent experiments.