3D printing of layered vanadium disulfide for water-in-salt electrolyte zinc-ion batteries
3D printing of layered vanadium disulfide for water-in-salt electrolyte zinc-ion batteries
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3D打印用于盐包水电解质锌离子电池的层状二硫化钒
DOI：
10.1039/d3nh00576c
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Tagliaferri S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tagliaferri S
小型化水性锌离子电池以其安全、低成本的优点，成为可穿戴电子设备中极具吸引力的储能设备。层状二硫化钒（VS2）由于其多价态和较大的层间间距，在水性锌离子电池中表现出竞争性的电荷存储能力。然而，VS2电极受到快速氧化物转化的影响，并且它们呈现预定义的几何形状和长宽比，这阻碍了它们在可穿戴设备中的集成。在这里，我们展示了一种适合挤压3D打印（直接墨水书写）的墨水配方，该墨水基于使用可扩展的水热工艺获得的层状VS2微花。任意设计的3D打印结构呈现出具有电化学活性、多孔性和微米尺寸的支撑，并且具有可调谐的质量负载。它们被用作锌离子电池电极的阴极。3D打印的VS2阴极与碳/锌箔阳极组装在一起，形成完整的锌离子电池，在1.5 V的工作电压下，其容量为~ 1.98 mA h cm - 2。循环后，在约100次循环后，容量保持在65%左右。电解质（一种盐包水电解质）的选择和3D打印阴极的预处理设计确保了其抗溶解和快速氧化的稳定性，这是VS2在水环境中面临的最大挑战。这项工作为微型水电池的可编程制造铺平了道路，材料处理方法可以应用于不同的材料和电池系统，以提高稳定性。
Miniaturized aqueous zinc ion batteries are attractive energy storage devices for wearable electronics, owing to their safety and low cost. Layered vanadium disulfide (VS2) has demonstrated competitive charge storage capability for aqueous zinc ion batteries, as a result of its multivalent states and large interlayer spacing. However, VS2 electrodes are affected by quick oxide conversion, and they present predefined geometries and aspect ratios, which hinders their integration in wearables devices. Here, we demonstrate the formulation of a suitable ink for extrusion-based 3D printing (direct ink writing) based on micro flowers of layered VS2 obtained using a scalable hydrothermal process. 3D printed architectures of arbitrary design present electrochemically active, porous and micron-sized struts with tuneable mass loading. These were used as cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion battery electrodes. The 3D printed VS2 cathodes were assembled with carbon/zinc foil anodes to form full cells of zinc-ion, demonstrating a capacity of ∼1.98 mA h cm−2 with an operating voltage of 1.5 V. Upon cycling a capacity retention of around 65% was achieved after ∼100 cycles. The choice of the electrolyte (a water-in-salt electrolyte) and the design of the pre-processing of the 3D printed cathode ensured improved stability against dissolution and swift oxidation, notorious challenges for VS2 in an aqueous environment. This works paves the way towards programmable manufacturing of miniaturized aqueous batteries and the materials processing approach can be applied to different materials and battery systems to improve stability.