Adipose Tissue Remodeling: Its Role in Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders.
Adipose Tissue Remodeling: Its Role in Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders.
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DOI：
10.3389/fendo.2016.00030
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Kim JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Choe SS;Huh JY;Hwang IJ;Kim JI;Kim JB
脂肪组织是调节全身能量平衡的中心代谢器官。白色脂肪组织作为其他器官的关键能量库，而棕色脂肪组织积累脂质用于冷诱导的适应性产热。脂肪组织分泌各种激素、细胞因子和代谢物（称为脂肪因子），其通过调节来自中枢神经系统的食欲信号以及外周组织中的代谢活动来控制全身能量平衡。为了响应营养状态的变化，脂肪组织经历动态重塑，包括脂肪组织驻留细胞的定量和定性改变。越来越多的证据表明，肥胖症的脂肪组织重构与脂肪组织功能密切相关。脂肪细胞数量和大小的变化影响了扩张脂肪组织的微环境，伴随着脂肪因子分泌、脂肪细胞死亡、局部缺氧和脂肪酸通量的改变。同时，脂肪组织中的基质血管细胞，包括免疫细胞，参与许多适应性过程，如死亡脂肪细胞清除、脂肪生成和血管生成，所有这些在肥胖脂肪组织重塑中均失调。慢性营养过剩引发不受控制的炎症反应，导致全身性低度炎症和代谢紊乱，如胰岛素抵抗。这篇综述将讨论目前的脂肪组织重塑过程中的适应性能量稳态和病理性脂肪组织重塑与免疫反应的机制的理解。
The adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. The white adipose tissue functions as a key energy reservoir for other organs, whereas the brown adipose tissue accumulates lipids for cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis. Adipose tissues secrete various hormones, cytokines, and metabolites (termed as adipokines) that control systemic energy balance by regulating appetitive signals from the central nerve system as well as metabolic activity in peripheral tissues. In response to changes in the nutritional status, the adipose tissue undergoes dynamic remodeling, including quantitative and qualitative alterations in adipose tissue-resident cells. A growing body of evidence indicates that adipose tissue remodeling in obesity is closely associated with adipose tissue function. Changes in the number and size of the adipocytes affect the microenvironment of expanded fat tissues, accompanied by alterations in adipokine secretion, adipocyte death, local hypoxia, and fatty acid fluxes. Concurrently, stromal vascular cells in the adipose tissue, including immune cells, are involved in numerous adaptive processes, such as dead adipocyte clearance, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis, all of which are dysregulated in obese adipose tissue remodeling. Chronic overnutrition triggers uncontrolled inflammatory responses, leading to systemic low-grade inflammation and metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance. This review will discuss current mechanistic understandings of adipose tissue remodeling processes in adaptive energy homeostasis and pathological remodeling of adipose tissue in connection with immune response.