Controlling harmful algal blooms through clay Flocculation
Controlling harmful algal blooms through clay Flocculation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00541.x
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Anderson, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sengco, MR;Anderson, DM
东亚、澳大利亚、美国和瑞典已经探索了粘土控制有害藻华（HABs）的潜在用途。在日本和韩国，矿物如蒙脱石、高岭石和黄土已经被有效地用于该领域，以保护鱼类养殖免受Cochlorodinium spp.和其他的花。细胞的去除是通过藻类和矿物颗粒的絮凝而发生的，导致形成较大的聚集体（即海洋雪），这些聚集体在细胞下降期间迅速沉降并进一步夹带细胞。在美国，几种粘土和富含粘土的沉积物已经显示出对短凯伦藻（Kareniabrevis）、赤潮异弯藻（Heterosigmaakashiwo）、杀鱼Pfiesteriapiscicida和嗜藻金球藻（Aureococcusanophagefferens）的高去除能力（例如> 80%的细胞去除效率）。在某些情况下，某些粘土的去除能力进一步增强与化学絮凝剂，如聚合氯化铝（PAC），以增加其絮凝剂。然而，细胞的去除也受到水华浓度，盐度和混合的影响。在加入粘土后观察到细胞死亡，并且随着粘土浓度的增加和在沉降层中暴露于粘土的时间的延长而增加。还进行了中生态系统、野外围栏和水槽实验，以解决随着规模和流量的增加细胞的去除、水柱影响以及粘土添加可能对底栖生物造成的影响。将介绍这些研究的结果，特别是关于水质、海水化学、海底可蚀性和底栖动物区系影响的结果。目前，根据现有资料和实验数据，粘土扩散仍然是控制有害藻华和减轻其影响的一种有前途的方法。
The potential use of clays to control harmful algal blooms (HABs) has been explored in East Asia, Australia, the United States, and Sweden. In Japan and South Korea, minerals such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, and yellow loess, have already been used in the field effectively, to protect fish mariculture from Cochlodinium spp. and other blooms. Cell removal occurs through the flocculation of algal and mineral particles, leading to the formation of larger aggregates (i.e. marine snow), which rapidly settle and further entrain cells during their descent. In the U.S., several clays and clay-rich sediments have shown high removal abilities (e.g. > 80% cell removal efficiency) against Karenia brevis, Heterosigma akashiwo, Pfiesteria piscicida and Aureococcus anophagefferens. In some cases, the removal ability of certain clays was further enhanced with chemical flocculants, such as polyaluminum chloride (PAC), to increase their adhesiveness. However, cell removal was also affected by bloom concentration, salinity, and mixing. Cell mortality was observed after clay addition, and increased with increasing clay concentration, and prolonged exposure to clays in the settled layer. Mesocosm, field enclosure, and flume experiments were also conducted to address cell removal with increasing scale and flow, water-column impacts, and the possible benthic effects from clay addition. Results from these studies will be presented, especially those in regards to water quality, seawater chemistry, bottom erodibility and faunal impacts in the benthos. At this time, clay dispersal continues to be a promising method for controlling HABs and mitigating their impacts based on existing information and experimental data.