Cognitive Aspects of Depression.
Cognitive Aspects of Depression.
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DOI：
10.1002/wcs.1177
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Gotlib, Ian H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kircanski, Katharina;Joormann, Jutta;Gotlib, Ian H.
抑郁症是一种普遍存在的精神障碍，它会影响我们的感觉，影响我们对自己和周围世界的看法。长期以来，抑郁症的认知理论一直认为，多种思维过程参与了抑郁症发作的发展、维持和复发。当代研究已经利用实验程序来检查抑郁症患者的认知过程，以及这些过程与情绪失调之间关系的本质，而情绪失调是抑郁症的核心。例如，研究人员已经评估了抑郁症如何改变信息处理的各个方面，包括注意力和感知、解释和记忆过程；这项研究产生了相对一致的结果。此外，研究人员还试图识别和阐明可能将这些信息处理中的偏见与抑郁症中的情绪失调联系起来的认知机制。这些机制包括工作记忆的抑制过程和缺陷，对消极情绪状态的反刍反应，以及无法使用积极和有益的刺激来调节消极情绪。这些调查的结果集中在这样一个公式上，即抑郁症与负面信息的细化增加、处理这些信息时认知控制的困难以及从这些信息中解脱出来的困难有关。研究抑郁症的认知方面不仅提高了我们对这种常见且昂贵的疾病的理解，而且对抑郁症的治疗和未来对这种疾病的生物学基础的研究也有影响。
Depression is a prevalent and impairing psychiatric disorder that affects how we feel and how we think about ourselves and the world around us. Cognitive theories of depression have long posited that various thought processes are involved in the development, maintenance, and recurrence of depressive episodes. Contemporary research has utilized experimental procedures to examine cognitive processes in depressed individuals as well as the nature of the relation of these processes to the emotion dysregulation that is central to the disorder. For example, investigators have assessed the ways in which depression alters aspects of information processing, including attention and perception, interpretation, and memory processes; this research has generated relatively consistent findings. In addition, researchers have attempted to identify and elucidate the cognitive mechanisms that may link these biases in information processing to emotion dysregulation in depression. These mechanisms include inhibitory processes and deficits in working memory, ruminative responses to negative mood states, and the inability to use positive and rewarding stimuli to regulate negative mood. Results of these investigations converge on the formulation that depression is associated with increased elaboration of negative information, difficulties in cognitive control when processing this information, and difficulties disengaging from this information. Research examining cognitive aspects of depression not only enhances our understanding of this common and costly disorder, but also has implications for the treatment of depression and for future investigations of the biological foundations of this disorder.