Ecological rationalities of the traditional homegarden system in the Chao Phraya Basin, Thailand
Ecological rationalities of the traditional homegarden system in the Chao Phraya Basin, Thailand
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1006188504677
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Gajaseni, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gajaseni, J;Gajaseni, N
虽然热带地区的家庭园艺系统声称在不恶化环境的情况下维持了基本的社区需求，但人类、家庭花园和环境之间和谐背后的生态理性并没有得到很好的理解。在湄南河流域选择了代表泰国四个时代的四个研究地点(Sukhothai，Srisatchanalyai，Ayudhaya和Nonthaburi)来研究这些合理性。研究了家庭园的大小和体形、植物群落和群落特征、物理环境因素、养分和土壤肥力参数以及栽培措施。决定家庭庭院树种选择的主要因素是产品的利用，而家庭花园内的各种做法则由物种、制度和环境等因素决定。所有的家庭园都有4个垂直层次，其物理结构与干燥的龙眼果林几乎相似，但每层的高度较低，植物多样性较低，冠层较稀疏。分析还表明，家庭庭院对空间、光、水和土壤养分的可能利用效率很高。庭园物种多样性的Shannon-Wiener指数与龙眼果林接近。这些家庭花园是遗传、物种和生态层面上的生物多样性的原地储存库。这些家庭花园没有完全收获。这种做法确保了从系统中输出的养分最少，而高数量和多样性的凋落物生物量应有助于提高养分循环的效率。此外，在家庭菜园中，磷的有效性可能会更好。与室外相比，家庭式花园具有更有利的微环境，土壤和大气温度较低，相对湿度较高。没有一起虫害暴发达到威胁程度的事件。
Although the homegarden systems in the tropics are claimed to sustain basic community needs without environmental deterioration, the ecological rationalities behind the harmony between the humans, homegardens, and the environment are not well understood. Four study sites (Sukhothai, Srisatchanalai, Ayudhaya, and Nonthaburi) representing the four Thai eras in the Chao Phraya Basin were selected for studying these rationalities. The size and physical stature of the homegardens, their plant association and community features, physical environmental factors, nutrient and soil fertility parameters, and cultivation practices were studied. The major factor that determines species selection in homegardens is the utilization of the products, while the various practices within the homegardens are determined by such factors as the species, the system, and the environment. All homegardens had four vertical stratifications, with physical structures almost similar to that of dry dipterocarp forest, but with lower height for each layer, lower diversity of plants, and sparser crown layer. The analysis also shows a high possible utilization efficiency for space, light, water and nutrients in the soil in the homegardens. Shannon-Wiener's indices of species diversity of the homegardens were close to those of dipterocarp forest. The homegardens are in-situ reservoirs for biodiversity at genetic-, species-, and ecological levels. There was no complete harvesting from these homegardens. This practice ensured minimal nutrient export from the systems, while high amounts and diversity of litter biomass should contribute to high efficiency of nutrient cycling. Futhermore, phosphorus availability could be better in homegardens. The homegardens had more favorable microenvironment with lower soil and atmospheric temperature and higher relative humidity than outside. There has been no single incident of a pest outbreak at a threatening level.