Low frequency magnetic emissions and resulting induced voltages in a pacemaker by iPod portable music players
Low frequency magnetic emissions and resulting induced voltages in a pacemaker by iPod portable music players
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-925x-7-7
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Bassen, Howard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bassen, Howard
背景资料：最近，由个人便携式音乐播放器发射的场的电磁干扰（EMI）引起的心脏起搏器电磁故障在世界各地被高度宣传。对一名患者进行了临床研究，当临床医生将起搏器程控头和iPod放置在患者植入的起搏器附近时，观察到两种类型的干扰。作者得出结论，“可能需要警告标签，以避免起搏器和iPod之间的密切接触”。我们进行了一项体外研究，以评估这些索赔的EMI和目前我们的研究结果的无影响”在本文中。方法：我们进行了体外评估的低频磁场发射从各种型号的苹果公司。iPod音乐播放器。我们测量磁场发射与3线圈传感器（直径3.5厘米）放置在1厘米的球员的表面。观察到高度局部化的场（仅存在于1平方厘米的区域中）。我们还测量了带有两个标准单极导线的“仪器罐”起搏器内的感应电压。每个iPod都被放置在空气中，高于起搏器外壳2.7厘米。根据起搏器电磁兼容性标准ANSI/AAMI PC 69：2000，将起搏器外壳和电极导线置于生理盐水填充的躯干模拟器中。结果：在两个iPod与硬盘驱动器的情况下，在几个局部点附近的发射是最强的（约为0.2 μ T pp）。发射由100 kHz正弦信号和较低频率（20 msec宽）脉冲幅度调制组成。在iPod中引起的电压低于我们的仪器的噪声水平（0-1 kHz频带中的0.5 mV pp或0-5 MHz bandwidth.Conclusion中的2 mV pp）：我们测量的幅度和空间分布的低频磁通密度发射4种不同型号的iPod便携式音乐播放器。低于0.2 μ T的水平存在非常接近（1厘米）的情况下。在“仪器罐”起搏器内感应的测量电压低于我们仪器的噪声水平。根据我们体外研究的观察结果，我们得出结论，暴露于我们测试的iPod设备的起搏器不会发生干扰效应。
Background: Recently, malfunctioning of a cardiac pacemaker electromagnetic, caused by electromagnetic interference (EMI) by fields emitted by personal portable music players was highly publicized around the world. A clinical study of one patient was performed and two types of interference were observed when the clinicians placed a pacemaker programming head and an iPod were placed adjacent to the patient's implanted pacemaker. The authors concluded that " Warning labels may be needed to avoid close contact between pacemakers and iPods". We performed an in-vitro study to evaluate these claims of EMI and present our findings of no-effects" in this paper.Methods: We performed in-vitro evaluations of the low frequency magnetic field emissions from various models of the Apple Inc. iPod music player. We measured magnetic field emissions with a 3-coil sensor (diameter of 3.5 cm) placed within 1 cm of the surface of the player. Highly localized fields were observed (only existing in a one square cm area). We also measured the voltages induced inside an ' instrumented-can' pacemaker with two standard unipolar leads. Each iPod was placed in the air, 2.7 cm above the pacemaker case. The pacemaker case and leads were placed in a saline filled torso simulator per pacemaker electromagnetic compatibility standard ANSI/AAMI PC69: 2000. Voltages inside the can were measured.Results: Emissions were strongest (approximate to 0.2 mu T pp) near a few localized points on the cases of the two iPods with hard drives. Emissions consisted of 100 kHz sinusoidal signal with lower frequency (20 msec wide) pulsed amplitude modulation. Voltages induced in the iPods were below the noise level of our instruments (0.5 mV pp in the 0-1 kHz band or 2 mV pp in the 0-5 MHz bandwidth.Conclusion: Our measurements of the magnitude and the spatial distribution of low frequency magnetic flux density emissions by 4 different models of iPod portable music players. Levels of less than 0.2 mu T exist very close (1 cm) from the case. The measured voltages induced inside an ' instrumented-can' pacemaker were below the noise level of our instruments. Based on the observations of our in-vitro study we conclude that no interference effects can occur in pacemakers exposed to the iPod devices we tested.