Assessing the effects of land use on biodiversity in the world's drylands and Mediterranean environments
Assessing the effects of land use on biodiversity in the world's drylands and Mediterranean environments
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DOI：
10.1007/s10531-019-01888-4
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发表时间：
2019-11-02
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Newbold, Tim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garcia-Vega, Diego;Newbold, Tim
生物多样性模型为我们理解全球生物多样性变化做出了重要贡献。不同土地利用方式对不同生态系统类型的影响各不相同，但大多数大尺度模型都未能解释这种变化。土地利用的影响可能是不同的系统特点是低水供应，因为这些系统内的不寻常的条件。旱地正在扩大，目前占陆地面积的40%以上，而地中海系统是高度濒危的生物多样性热点。然而，土地使用对这些生物群落的生物多样性的影响尚待评估。我们利用当地生物多样性调查数据库，评估土地利用对世界旱地和地中海生态系统生物多样性的影响。我们比较了平均物种丰富度，总丰度，物种多样性，生态优势度，特有率，和组成的营业额在不同的土地利用。在旱地，与未受干扰的自然生境（原始植被）相比，受干扰土地使用的物种组成有很大的变化，但生物多样性的其他措施没有明显的反应。然而，必须指出，旱地的抽样规模很小，应迅速填补这一空白。地中海环境显示出生物多样性对土地利用的高度敏感性。在这个生物群落中，即使栖息地恢复后，过去的干扰（次生植被）大大减少了生物多样性和改变社区组成相比，主要植被。因此，为了维持地中海生物群落内原有的生物多样性及其所支持的生态系统功能，养护措施应优先保护剩余的主要植被。
Biodiversity models make an important contribution to our understanding of global biodiversity changes. The effects of different land uses vary across ecosystem types, yet most broad-scale models have failed to account for this variation. The effects of land use may be different in systems characterized by low water availability because of the unusual conditions within these systems. Drylands are expanding, currently occupying over 40% of the terrestrial land, while Mediterranean systems are highly endangered biodiversity hotspots. However, the impact of land use on biodiversity in these biomes is yet to be assessed. Using a database of local biodiversity surveys, we assess the effects of land use on biodiversity in the world's drylands and Mediterranean ecosystems. We compare the average species richness, total abundance, species diversity, ecological dominance, endemism rates, and compositional turnover across different land uses. In drylands, there was a strong turnover in species composition in disturbed land uses compared with undisturbed natural habitat (primary vegetation), but other measures of biodiversity did not respond significantly. However, it is important to note that the sample size for drylands was very low, a gap which should be filled promptly. Mediterranean environments showed a very high sensitivity of biodiversity to land uses. In this biome, even habitat recovering after past disturbance (secondary vegetation) had substantially reduced biodiversity and altered community composition compared with primary vegetation. In an effort to maintain original biodiversity and the ecosystem functions it supports within Mediterranean biomes, conservation measures should therefore prioritize the preservation of remaining primary vegetation.