Enclosure Environment Affects the Activity Budgets of Captive Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Enclosure Environment Affects the Activity Budgets of Captive Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)
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DOI：
10.1002/ajp.20612
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Huffman, Michael A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jaman, M. Firoj;Huffman, Michael A.
个体通过调整在不同行为活动中花费的时间来适应环境的变化，例如食物供应和温度。这些行为上的调整应该根据特定的生理和社会需求而在不同的年龄性别阶层中有所不同。我们研究了三个社会的日本猕猴群体居住在植被或非植被的外壳，以比较访问与植被的影响，休息，喂养，梳理和移动活动超过12个月的时间内，作为食物和基板的活动预算。在植被围栏中，猴子每天获得天然食物似乎是这三个群体日常时间预算差异的主要原因。三组的休息时间均长于其他活动时间。在两个nonvegetated外壳的休息和移动时间显着长于在植被外壳。与此相反，喂养和梳理时间显着较长的植被外壳。季节性变化所花费的时间喂养，休息和梳理显着影响的外壳类型。在所有三个围栏，未成年人，特别是女性，花更多的时间喂养和移动，而成年人花更多的时间休息。仅注意到喂养和休息时间的年龄性别类的显着每月变化。有趣的是，在植被围栏，花在自然植被喂养的时间等于花在供应的食物喂养的时间量。这表明，能量和营养需求以外的因素可能是物种活动预算的重要决定因素。这些结果对丰富圈养灵长类动物和我们对野生灵长类动物活动模式维持的理解具有重要意义。Am. J. Primatol. 70：1133-1144，2008. (C)2008 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Individuals adapt to changes in their environment, such as food availability and temperature, by adjusting the amount of time spent in different behavioral activities. These adjustments in behavior should vary across age-sex class according to specific physiological and social needs. We studied the activity budgets of three social Japanese macaque groups inhabiting either vegetated or nonvegetated enclosures in order to compare the effects of access with vegetation, as both food and substrate on resting, feeding, grooming and moving activities over a 12-month period. Daily access to natural foods for monkeys in the vegetated enclosure seems to be largely responsible for the differences in daily time budgets of these three groups. Resting time in all three groups was longer than the time devoted to other activities. Resting and moving time in the two nonvegetated enclosures was significantly longer than in the vegetated enclosure. In contrast, feeding and grooming time was significantly longer in the vegetated enclosure. Seasonal variation in time spent feeding, resting and grooming was significantly effected by enclosure type. In all three enclosures, immatures, particularly females, spent more time feeding and moving, whereas adults spent more time resting. Significant monthly variation in time spent by age-sex class was noted only for feeding and resting. Interestingly, in the vegetated enclosure, time spent feeding on natural vegetation was equal to the amount of time spent feeding on provisioned food. This suggests that factors other than energetic and nutritional needs may be important determinants of the activity budget of the species. These results have important implications for the enrichment of captive primates and our understanding of the maintenance of activity patterns by primates in the wild. Am. J. Primatol. 70:1133-1144, 2008. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.