Experimental and Histological Studies of Four Life-History Stages of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, Exposed to a Cultured Strain of the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum.
Experimental and Histological Studies of Four Life-History Stages of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, Exposed to a Cultured Strain of the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum.
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东方牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）四个生活史阶段的实验和组织学研究，暴露于甲藻原甲藻最小培养菌株。
DOI：
10.2307/1542308
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Smolowitz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Wikfors;R. Smolowitz
在实验室暴露研究中，研究了最小鞭毛藻原心菌（菌株EXUV）对东部牡蛎的四个生活史阶段——胚胎、摄食幼虫、新生贝和幼体的影响。胚胎发育不受活细胞、热灭细胞、超声细胞或生长培养基提取物的显著影响。与以Isochrysis sp. （T-ISO菌株）为食的幼虫相比，以P. minimum为食的幼虫生长较差，消化系统发育较差。最小p +等chrysis混合饲料的幼虫生长处于中等水平。饲喂1/3 p - minimum + 2/3等溶饲料的幼虫和新卵贝在消化系统解剖结构上表现出明显的变化。胃黏膜脂质异常积聚。幼虫和贝虫的消化腺中的吸收细胞都含有堆积体，通常呈层状纤维状，为透射电子显微镜做准备。这些积累体为PAS（周期性酸-希夫）阳性，可能与最小胞内的自溶酶体相对应。幼生牡蛎在2周的不应期后才有消化小蠊的能力，在此期间，大部分小蠊被过滤，但作为假粪便被排斥。牡蛎消化憩室吸收细胞内的蓄积体与鞭毛藻自溶酶体的联系提示了某些鞭毛藻干扰浮游植物食草动物摄食的机制。
Effects of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum (strain EXUV) upon four life-history stages of the eastern oyster--embryos, feeding larvae, newly set spat, and juveniles--were investigated in laboratory exposure studies. Embryonic development was not affected significantly by living, heat-killed, or sonicated cells, or by growth-medium extracts from P. minimum cultures. Feeding larvae, however, showed poor growth and poor development of the digestive system when fed P. minimum, as compared with larvae fed Isochrysis sp. (strain T-ISO). Growth of larvae fed mixed P. minimum + Isochrysis diets was intermediate. Larvae and newly set spat that had been fed a diet of 1/3 P. minimum + 2/3 Isochrysis exhibited distinctive changes in digestive-system anatomy. Spat showed an abnormal accumulation of lipid in the stomach epithelium. Absorptive cells in the digestive glands of both larvae and spat contained accumulation bodies, often with a laminated, fibrous appearance in preparations for transmission electron microscopy. These accumulation bodies were PAS (periodic acid-Schiff) positive and may correspond to autolysosomal bodies within P. minimum cells. Juvenile oysters developed the ability to digest P. minimum, but only after a refractory period of about 2 weeks, during which most P. minimum was filtered but rejected as pseudofeces. The linking of accumulation bodies within absorptive cells of oyster digestive diverticula with dinoflagellate autolysosomal bodies suggests a mechanism by which some dinoflagellates interfere with feeding in phytoplankton grazers.