Bronchodilator therapy (second of two parts).
Bronchodilator therapy (second of two parts).
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支气管扩张剂治疗（两部分中的第二部分）。
DOI：
10.1056/nejm197710062971405
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Phebus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Clemens;L. Phebus
甲基黄嘌呤甲基黄嘌呤在交感神经的协同作用下可引起支气管扩张，并已在本杂志中进行了全面综述。23，24茶碱可经口或直肠给药。然而，它的低溶解度使胃肠吸收不稳定，对胃的局部刺激作用会引起恶心、呕吐和腹部不适。血液中茶碱水平过高也会导致同样的症状。氨茶碱是茶碱的乙二胺盐，它的溶解度是茶碱的20倍，既可以静脉给药，也可以口服或直肠给药。所有甲基黄嘌呤的另一个主要副作用是兴奋中枢神经系统，导致易怒。
MethylxanthinesMethylxanthines cause bronchodilatation in synergy with sympathomimetics and have been reviewed fully in this journal.23,24Theophylline can be given by mouth or by rectum. However, its low solubility makes gastrointestinal absorption erratic, and its local irritative effect on the stomach causes nausea, vomiting and abdominal distress. High blood levels of theophylline can cause the same symptoms. Aminophylline, the ethylenediamine salt of theophylline, is 20 times more soluble and can be given intravenously as well as by mouth or by rectal suppository. The other main side effect of all the methylxanthines is excitation of the central nervous system, causing irritability . . .