The causative agents of fascioliasis in animals and humans: Parthenogenetic Fasciola in Asia and other regions
The causative agents of fascioliasis in animals and humans: Parthenogenetic Fasciola in Asia and other regions
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动物和人类片形吸虫病的病原体：亚洲和其他地区的孤雌性片形吸虫
DOI：
10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105248
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yuma Ohari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tadashi Itagaki; Kei Hayashi;Yuma Ohari
孤雌性片形吸虫是动物和人类片形吸虫病的病原体，广泛分布于亚洲国家，如日本、韩国、中国、越南、泰国、菲律宾、缅甸、孟加拉国、尼泊尔和印度。孤雌生殖片形吸虫在地理上起源于中国中部和东部地区，存在于肝片吸虫和巨片吸虫的栖息地之间；它很可能在数千年前出现，是在 F 之间杂交之后出现的。肝和F.巨大的。孤雌生殖片形藻由二倍体和三倍体组成，它们都具有F的核基因组。肝和F. gigantica 和 F 的线粒体基因组。肝F.巨大的。孤雌生殖片形吸虫的母本是F.具有Fh-C4单倍型或F的肝细胞。 gigantica 在线粒体 NADH 脱氢酶亚基 1 (ND1) 核苷酸序列中具有 Fg-C2 单倍型。 Fh-C4单倍型的单性生殖片吸虫已从中国传播到韩国和日本，而Fg-C2单倍型的吸虫不仅传播到韩国和日本，还向南传播到越南、泰国、菲律宾、缅甸、孟加拉国、尼泊尔和印度。孤雌生殖片形吸虫可与F.肝和F.对核磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶 (pepck) 和 DNA 聚合酶 delta (pold) 以及线粒体 ND1 标记进行组合 DNA 序列分析。孤雌生殖Fasciola的建立预计如下：基于单个或多个种间杂交事件，首先出现具有Fh-C4和Fg-C2单倍型的孤雌生殖二倍体；随后，通过母本孤雌二倍体和父本双性F之间的回交事件出现了孤雌三倍体。肝F.然后，孤雌生殖片状二倍体和三倍体通过克隆孤雌生殖存活了数千年，并产生了具有 ND1 单倍型的后代，这些后代由于核苷酸取代而衍生自 Fh-C4 和 Fg-C2。因此，单性生殖片形吸虫的出现可能是由于极其罕见和偶然的事件造成的。孤雌生殖Fasciolas应被视为新的无性杂交物种。
ParthenogeneticFasciolais the causative agent of fascioliasis in animals and humans and is widely distributed in Asian countries, such as Japan, South Korea, China, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal, and India. ParthenogeneticFasciolageographically originated from central and eastern China, where it exists between the habitats ofFasciola hepaticaandFasciola gigantica; it likely appeared thousands of years ago following hybridization betweenF. hepaticaandF. gigantica. ParthenogeneticFasciolaconsists of diploids and triploids that possess nuclear genome of bothF. hepaticaandF. giganticaand mitochondrial genome of eitherF. hepaticaorF. gigantica. Maternal parents of parthenogeneticFasciolaare eitherF. hepaticahaving Fh-C4 haplotype orF. giganticahaving Fg-C2 haplotype in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) nucleotide sequences. ParthenogeneticFasciolaflukes with the Fh-C4 haplotype have spread from China to South Korea and Japan, whereas the flukes with the Fg-C2 haplotype have not only spread to Korea and Japan but also southward to Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal, and India. ParthenogeneticFasciolacan be distinguished fromF. hepaticaandF. giganticausing combinational DNA sequence analysis of nuclear phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and DNA polymerase delta (pold) along with mitochondrial ND1 markers. The establishment of parthenogeneticFasciolais expected as follows: parthenogenetic diploids with the Fh-C4 and Fg-C2 haplotypes first appeared based on single or multiple interspecific hybridization events; subsequently, parthenogenetic triploids emerged via backcross events between the maternal parthenogenetic diploid and either paternal bisexualF. hepaticaorF. gigantica.ParthenogeneticFascioladiploids and triploids then survived for thousands of years by clonal parthenogenetic reproduction, and generated descendants with ND1 haplotypes, which were derived from the Fh-C4 and Fg-C2 due to nucleotide substitution. Thus, the emergence of parthenogeneticFasciolamay be due to extremely uncommon and accidental events. ParthenogeneticFasciolashould be treated as a new asexual hybrid species.