Niche construction on Bali: the gods of the countryside
Niche construction on Bali: the gods of the countryside
复制标题
巴厘岛的利基建设：乡村之神
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Karyn M. Fox
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Lansing;Karyn M. Fox
人类生态位构建既包括纯生物现象，如乳糖耐受性的进化，也包括研究文化信息传递的双重遗传理论。但是，生态位构建有助于解释有意识的意图也起作用的现象吗？巴厘岛水稻梯田工程景观的创造提供了一个测试案例。利用种群遗传分析和考古证据来调查这一现象是从历史上几代农民的反复试验中出现的，还是由巴厘岛的尺子设计的。鉴于对前一种假设的有力支持，我们开发了两个模型来研究局部和全球范围内的功能结构的出现。随着时间的推移和选定的灌溉时间表模式的实施，水稻收成的局部变化影响着农民未来的决定，创造了一个由环境反馈控制的人-自然耦合系统。当政府农业政策切断了当地的反馈渠道，导致大米收成几乎瞬间崩溃时，这种数学分析得到了一定程度的经验支持。生态位建设的历史进程也可能包括宗教意识的演变，这反映在水庙邪教的信仰和实践中。
Human niche construction encompasses both purely biological phenomena, such as the evolution of lactose tolerance, and dual inheritance theory, which investigates the transmission of cultural information. But does niche construction help to explain phenomena in which conscious intention also plays a role? The creation of the engineered landscape of Balinese rice terraces offers a test case. Population genetic analysis and archaeological evidence are used to investigate whether this phenomenon emerged historically from trial and error by generations of farmers, or alternatively was designed by Bali's rulers. In light of strong support for the former hypothesis, two models are developed to explore the emergence of functional structure at both local and global scales. As time goes forward and selected patterns of irrigation schedules are implemented, local variation in rice harvests influences future decisions by the farmers, creating a coupled human–natural system governed by feedback from the environment. This mathematical analysis received a measure of empirical support when government agricultural policies severed the local feedback channels, resulting in the almost instantaneous collapse of rice harvests. The historical process of niche construction may also have included an evolution of religious consciousness, reflected in the beliefs and practices of the water temple cult.