Differences in the capture rate of cage-trapped red foxes Vulpes vulpes and an evaluation of rabies control measures in Britain
Differences in the capture rate of cage-trapped red foxes Vulpes vulpes and an evaluation of rabies control measures in Britain
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00637.x
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
White, PCL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker, PJ;Harris, S;White, PCL
1.用于控制犬类的方法可能在其相对有效性以及如何对年龄和性别进行抽样方面有所不同。然而，关于这种偏见的信息很少。我们利用已知种群大小和结构的数据来量化不同年龄、性别和社会地位的狐狸秃鹫季节性捕获率的差异。此外，还考察了家养利用和诱捕经验对成虫生长的影响。1岁以下幼狐捕获率春季最高，全年呈下降趋势。成虫(1岁)冬季诱捕率与幼虫相当。无论是幼年还是成年，捕获性都不存在性别差异。根据二元交互作用的模式，将成年人分为优势或从属两类。从属狐狸比优势狐狸更容易被诱捕。在控制了诱捕努力后，核心区内外的捕捉力没有差异。既往诱捕经验不影响成年狐狸的捕获率。非居民狐狸的捕获量在冬季达到高峰(52%)，与驱散幼体和成年雄性狐狸有关，夏季最低(13%)。在英国，75%-90%的狐狸需要摄入毒药或疫苗毒饵才能控制狂犬病流行。在模拟狂犬病控制操作中，使用笼子诱捕来测量狐狸服用含有生物标记物的假诱饵的比例，30%的狐狸食用了诱饵。然而，非居民狐狸在诱饵期间出现但不在诱捕期间出现，反之亦然，可能会对这些计算产生偏差。我们使用捕获非居民狐狸的频率来重新检查这些试验的成功率。修改后的估计仍然表明，45%的狐狸是在模拟控制操作期间接触到的。这大大低于狂犬病控制所需的水平。需要进行进一步的生物标记物试验，不仅要依靠诱捕采集样本，而且要确定捕获狐狸的居留状态。
1. Methods used to control canids may differ in their relative effectiveness and how they 'sample' age and sex classes. However, there is little information on such biases. We utilized data from a population of known size and structure to quantify differences in the seasonal capture rate of foxes Vulpes vulpes of different age, sex and social status. The effects of home-range utilization and trap experience were also investigated.2. The capture rate of juvenile (< 1 years) foxes was highest in spring and declined throughout the year. Adult ( 1 years) trap rates were equivalent to those of juveniles in winter.3. Neither juveniles nor adults exhibited sex differences in trappability.4. Adults were classified as dominant or subordinate based upon patterns of dyadic interaction. Subordinate foxes were trapped more frequently than dominants.5. Trappability did not differ inside or outside of core areas, after controlling for trap effort.6. Previous trap experience did not affect the capture rate of adult foxes.7. Captures of non-resident foxes peaked in winter (52% of captures), associated with dispersing juveniles and adult males, and were lowest in summer (13%).8. In Britain, 75-90% of foxes would need to consume poison or vaccine baits to control a rabies epizooty. During simulated rabies control operations, where cage-trapping was used to measure the proportion of foxes taking dummy baits containing a biomarker, < 30% of foxes consumed baits. However, non-resident foxes present during the period of baiting but not during trapping, or vice versa, may bias these calculations. We used the frequency of capture of non-resident foxes to re-examine the success rate of these trials.9. Revised estimates still suggest that < 45% of foxes were reached during the simulated control operations. This is significantly below the levels necessary for rabies control. Further biomarker trials are required that do not rely only on trapping for sample collection and where the residency status of captured foxes has been determined.