The political collapse of Chichen Itza in climatic and cultural context
The political collapse of Chichen Itza in climatic and cultural context
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.12.007
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Kennett, Douglas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoggarth, Julie A.;Breitenbach, Sebastian F. M.;Kennett, Douglas J.
奇琴伊察在古典晚期（公元800-1000年）统治着尤卡坦半岛北方的政治版图。这个重要政体的兴衰的年代细节是模糊的，因为日期象形文字记录的语料库有限，并通过一组有限的放射性碳年代的网站。在这里，我们编译和审查这些数据，并评估他们的政治和气候变化的背景下，在尤卡坦半岛北方在古典时期结束。现有的数据表明，奇琴伊察的精英活动在公元1000年左右结束，比普乌克玛雅城市和其他内陆中心的崩溃晚了世纪。有证据表明，在世纪，随着奇琴伊察纪念性建筑和艺术的结束，人口向一些沿海地区转移。我们的研究结果表明，区域政治解体分为两波。第一个是公元850年至925年之间多个政体的异步崩溃，这与区域干旱趋势有关，并在9世纪和10世纪被一系列数十年的干旱所打断。第二波是奇琴伊察的政治崩溃，这与公元1000年至1100年间区域气候记录中最长和最严重的干旱相吻合。这是一个被一些学者描述为横跨北方玛雅低地的“黑暗时代”的时期。后古典时期（公元1000-1517年）的政治发展与降雨量增加的回归相对应。这些模式支持了玛雅低地政治解体和气候压力之间的密切关系。这项研究采用贝叶斯放射性碳模型，结合雕刻纪念碑和气候代理的日历日期，以评估玛雅政治中心的兴衰，并作为气候变化对中美洲依赖宗教的社会的影响的一个例子。(C)2015 Elsevier B. V.版权所有。
Chichen Itza dominated the political landscape of the northern Yucatan during the Terminal Classic Period (AD 800-1000). Chronological details of the rise and fall of this important polity are obscure because of the limited corpus of dated hieroglyphic records and by a restricted set of radiocarbon dates for the site. Here we compile and review these data and evaluate them within the context of political and climatic change in northern Yucatan at the end of the Classic period. The available data point to the end of elite activity at Chichen Itza around AD 1000, a century after the collapse of Puuc Maya cities and other interior centers. Evidence supports a population shift in the eleventh century towards some coastal locations during a time associated with the end of monumental construction and art at Chichen Itza. Our results suggest that regional political disintegration came in two waves. The first was the asynchronous collapse of multiple polities between AD 850 and 925 associated with a regional drying trend and punctuated by a series of multi-decadal droughts in the ninth and tenth centuries. The second wave was the political collapse at Chichen Itza that coincides with the longest and most severe drought recorded in regional climate records between AD 1000 and 1100. This is a time that some scholars have characterized as a "dark age" across the northern Maya lowlands. Political developments during the Postclassic period (AD 1000-1517) correspond with a return to higher rainfall. These patterns support a strong relationship between political disintegration and climatic stress in the Maya lowlands. This research employs Bayesian radiocarbon models in conjunction with calendar dates on carved monuments and climate proxies to evaluate the rise and fall of Maya political centers and serves as an example of the impact of climate change on rainfall-dependent societies in Mesoamerica. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.