Factors influencing the nesting success of Lapwings Vanellus vanellus and behaviour of Red Fox Vulpes vulpes in Lapwing nesting sites
Factors influencing the nesting success of Lapwings Vanellus vanellus and behaviour of Red Fox Vulpes vulpes in Lapwing nesting sites
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影响田凫筑巢成功的因素和红狐狐狸在田凫筑巢地的行为
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. White
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Seymour;S. Harris;C. Ralston;P. White
胶囊羽巢捕食量与巢密度呈负相关，而对狐狸反应的警报持续时间与羽化雏数呈正相关。目的是确定影响翼巢捕食和红狐搜索努力的因素。方法1996年监测4个点，1997年监测7个点，1998年监测6个点。1997年，我们绘制了所有Lapwing巢的位置图，以确定巢之间的距离，以及线状特征和潜在的鸟类捕食者栖息地与每个巢的接近程度。从1998年4月至6月，我们使用夜视设备在6个Lapwing筑巢地点进行了199小时的夜间观测。结果越孤立的鸟巢，被捕食的风险越高。夜间观察表明，在所有夜间捕食者中，狐狸在Lapwing筑巢地点最活跃。然而，在Lapwing蜂群中寻找狐狸的努力相对较低，平均每次访问57只S。当有更多的雏鸟出现时，狐狸在繁殖的翻翅附近觅食的时间明显更长(以警报叫声的持续时间衡量)。在水鸟密度高的地区，寻找狐狸的努力(S/每小时观察的面积)往往更大。结论狐狸缺乏正密度依赖的巢穴捕食行为，狐狸在雀巢附近的搜寻努力相对较低，在有狐狸的地区有时巢成功率很高，这些都表明狐狸对雀巢的捕食是“偶然的”。羽翼雏鸟可能比幼崽更容易受到狐狸的捕食。
Capsule Lapwing nest predation was negatively correlated to nest density, while Lapwing alarm duration in response to foxes was positively correlated with the number of Lapwing broods present. Aims To identify factors affecting Lapwing nest predation and Red Fox search effort. Methods Lapwing nest success was monitored at four sites in 1996, seven sites in 1997 and six sites in 1998. In 1997 we mapped the position of all Lapwing nests in order to determine distances between nests, and the proximity of linear features and potential avian predator perches to each nest. From April to June 1998 we carried out 199 hours of nocturnal observations at six Lapwing nesting sites using night vision equipment. Results The risk of nest predation was significantly higher for more isolated nests. Nocturnal observations showed that of all the nocturnal predators, foxes were the most active at Lapwing nesting sites. However, fox search effort in Lapwing colonies was relatively low, averaging 57 s/ha per visit. Foxes spent significantly longer foraging near breeding Lapwings (measured as duration of alarm calls) when more broods were present. Fox search effort (s/ha per hour of observation) tended to be greater in areas of high waterbird density. Conclusion The lack of positive density-dependent nest predation, the relatively low search effort of foxes near Lapwing nesting sites and the high nest success sometimes achieved in areas with foxes all suggest that Lapwing nest predation by foxes is ‘incidental’. Lapwing chicks are probably more vulnerable to predation by foxes than clutches.