Comprehensive evaluation on effective leaching of critical metals from spent lithium-ion batteries
Comprehensive evaluation on effective leaching of critical metals from spent lithium-ion batteries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.023
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Sun, Zhi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao, Wenfang;Liu, Chenming;Sun, Zhi
从废旧锂离子电池（LIB）中回收金属由于环境影响和资源供应两方面的问题而引起了世界范围内的关注。例如使用酸性溶液进行浸提是从废LIB中有效回收金属的关键步骤。为了实现目标金属的高浸出效率和选择性，非常需要提高对材料和浸出溶液的相互作用特征的理解。然而，这种认识仍然是有限的，至少是由于不同的浸出液的理化性质的差异。本研究对酸性溶液浸出回收废锂离子电池的工艺进行了全面的研究和评价。通过对浸出速度和金属回收率两个重要参数的分析，考察了氢离子浓度、酸种类和浓度对浸出速度和金属回收率的影响。结果发现，有机酸的澄清剂可以从阴极废料中浸出Co和Li，并以高浸出选择性留下金属形式的铝箔，而无机酸的澄清剂通常将所有金属浸出到溶液中。在废LIB回收期间，经常注意到浸出选择性和效率之间的不一致。为了获得具有高浸出选择性和效率（特别是在高固液比下）的最佳状态，重要的是操纵金属的平均浸出速度和回收率以优化浸出条件。随后，发现浸出速度显著依赖于氢离子浓度和浸出过程中酸性澄清剂释放氢离子的能力。通过这项研究，预计将提高对控制浸出液理化性质的理解，并可能设计具有高工业可行性的废LIB回收工艺。(C)2018爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Recovery of metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted worldwide attention because of issues from both environmental impacts and resource supply. Leaching, for instance using an acidic solution, is a critical step for effective recovery of metals from spent LIBs. To achieve both high leaching efficiency and selectivity of the targeted metals, improved understanding on the interactive features of the materials and leaching solutions is highly required. However, such understanding is still limited at least caused by the variation on physiochemical properties of different leaching solutions. In this research, a comprehensive investigation and evaluation on the leaching process using acidic solutions to recycle spent LIBs is carried out. Through analyzing two important parameters, i.e. leaching speed and recovery rate of the corresponding metals, the effects of hydrogen ion concentration, acid species and concentration on these two parameters were evaluated. It was found that a leachant with organic acids may leach Co and Li from the cathode scrap and leave Al foil as metallic form with high leaching selectivity, while that with inorganic acids typically leach all metals into the solution. Inconsistency between the leaching selectivity and efficiency during spent LIBs recycling is frequently noticed. In order to achieve an optimal status with both high leaching selectivity and efficiency (especially at high solid-to-liquid ratios), it is important to manipulate the average leaching speed and recovery rate of metals to optimize the leaching conditions. Subsequently, it is found that the leaching speed is significantly dependent on the hydrogen ion concentration and the capability of releasing hydrogen ions of the acidic leachant during leaching. With this research, it is expected to improve understanding on controlling the physiochemical properties of a leaching solution and to potentially design processes for spent LIBs recycling with high industrial viability. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.