The Impact ofVocational Schooling on Human Capital Development in Developing Countries:Evidence from China
The Impact ofVocational Schooling on Human Capital Development in Developing Countries:Evidence from China
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职业学校教育对发展中国家人力资本发展的影响：来自中国的证据
DOI：
10.1093/wber/lhv050
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
James Chu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Loyalka Prashant;Xiaoting Huang;Linxiu Zhang;Jianguo Wei;Hongmei Yi;Yingquan Song;Yaojiang Shi;James Chu
一些发展中国家目前正在促进职业教育和培训，以此作为建设人力资本和加强经济增长的一种方式。本研究的主要目的是了解职业教育在高中阶段是否有助于人力资本的发展，在这些国家之一-中国。为了实现这一目标，我们利用了来自中国两个省的职业高中（最受欢迎的专业，计算机）和普通高中的10，000多名学生的纵向数据。首先，从工具变量和匹配分析的估计表明，参加职业高中（相对于学术高中）大大降低了数学技能，并没有提高计算技能。其次，异质效应估计也表明，参加职业高中增加辍学，特别是在弱势（低收入或低能力）学生。第三，我们使用垂直缩放（等值）的基线和后续测试成绩来衡量学生在数学和计算技能方面的进步。我们发现，参加职业高中的学生在数学技能方面绝对下降。总之，我们的研究结果表明，职业教育作为学术教育的替代品的快速扩张可能对中国等发展中国家的人力资本建设产生不利影响。
A number of developing countries are currently promoting vocational education and training (VET) as a way to build human capital and strengthen economic growth. The primary aim of this study is to understand whether VET at the high school level contributes to human capital development in one of those countries—China. To fulfill this aim, we draw on longitudinal data on more than 10,000 students in vocational high school (in the most popular major, computing) and academic high school from two provinces of China. First, estimates from instrumental variables and matching analyses show that attending vocational high school (relative to academic high school) substantially reduces math skills and does not improve computing skills. Second, heterogeneous effect estimates also show that attending vocational high school increases dropout, especially among disadvantaged (low-income or low-ability) students. Third, we use vertically scaled (equated) baseline and follow-up test scores to measure gains in math and computing skills among the students. We find that students who attend vocational high school experience absolute reductions in math skills. Taken together, our findings suggest that the rapid expansion of vocational schooling as a substitute for academic schooling can have detrimental consequences for building human capital in developing countries such as China.