Spectroscopy of Urban Vulnerability
Spectroscopy of Urban Vulnerability
复制标题
城市脆弱性光谱分析
DOI：
10.1080/00045608.2012.702485
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Rufat
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Rufat
尽管在风险管理方面开展了大量工作，但脆弱性指数和综合评估仍然是一个严重的问题。脆弱性评估面临的主要挑战是收集、整合和合成大量异构数据以提供可靠的估计。这种情况导致忽略了所考虑的指标之间的所有重要相互作用，尽管它们对于脆弱性分析至关重要。本文的目的是表明，通过将重点从绝对脆弱性评估（即试图量化弱点或复原力的绝对水平）转移到相对脆弱性评估（即试图找出哪些人群和地方脆弱以及原因），可以克服脆弱性评估的大多数障碍。我们建议首次尝试评估相对脆弱性。城市脆弱性光谱通过关注局部趋同的具体特征和增强（或减少）脆弱性的过程，揭示了脆弱性的异质性，为实施更有针对性的缓解政策提供信息。这是一个两步走的方法，首先关注漏洞的潜在因素并建立漏洞概况；第二步是关注其空间分布，以应对每个漏洞概况的多重威胁暴露。法国里昂和罗马尼亚布加勒斯特的案例研究揭示了一些风险管理政策引起的风险转移，并强调脆弱性是一种多维现象，几乎不可能使用单一指数来评估。这两个案例研究还允许进行本地多威胁比较以及国际比较。
Despite the considerable work carried out in risk management, vulnerability indexes and aggregative assessments remain a serious issue. The main challenges facing vulnerability assessment are the collection, integration, and synthesis of large quantities of heterogeneous data to provide reliable estimations. This situation has led to the neglect of all significant interactions between the considered indicators, despite their being essential to vulnerability analysis. The scope of the article is to show that most obstacles to vulnerability assessment can be overcome by shifting the focus from absolute vulnerability assessment (i.e., the attempt to quantify an absolute level of weakness or resilience) to relative vulnerability assessment (i.e., the attempt to find out which populations and places are vulnerable and why). We propose a first attempt to assess relative vulnerability. The spectroscopy of urban vulnerability reveals the heterogeneity of vulnerability by focusing on the locally convergent specific characteristics and processes reinforcing (or reducing) vulnerability to inform the implementation of more targeted mitigation policies. This is a two-step approach, first focusing on the vulnerability underlying factors and establishing vulnerability profiles; the second step is to focus on their spatial distribution to confront each vulnerability profile to its multithreat exposure. The Lyon, France, and Bucharest, Romania, case studies reveal the risk transfers induced by some risk management policies and they highlight that vulnerability is a multidimensional phenomenon almost impossible to assess by using a single index. The two case studies also permit local multithreat comparisons as well as international comparisons.