Marginal hitting sets imply super-polynomial lower bounds for permanent
Marginal hitting sets imply super-polynomial lower bounds for permanent
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边际击球集意味着永久的超多项式下界
DOI:
10.1145/2090236.2090275
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jansen M
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jansen M
Supposefis a univariate polynomial of degreer=r(n) that is computed by a sizenarithmetic circuit. It is a basic fact of algebra that a nonzero univariate polynomial of degreercan vanish on at mostrpoints. This implies that for checking whetherfis identically zero, it suffices to queryfon an arbitrary test set ofr+ 1 points. Could this brute-force method be improved upon by asingle point? We develop a framework where such a marginal improvement implies that Permanent does not have polynomial size arithmetic circuits.More formally, we formulate the following hypothesis for any field of characteristic zero: There is a fixed depthdand some functions(n) =O(n), such that for arbitrarily small ε > 0, there exists a hitting setHn⊂ Z of size at most 2s(nε)against univariate polynomials of degree at most 2s(nε)computable by sizenconstant-free1arithmetic circuits, whereHncan be encoded by uniform TC0circuits of size 2O(nε)and depthd. We prove that the hypothesis implies that Permanent does not have polynomial size constant-free arithmetic circuits.Our hypothesis provides a unifying perspective on several important complexity theoretic conjectures, as it follows from these conjectures for different degree ranges as determined by the functions(n). We will show that it follows fors(n) =nfrom the widely-believed assumption thatpolysize Boolean circuits cannot compute the Permanent of a 0,1-matrix over Z. The hypothesis can also be easily derived from the Shub-Smale τ-conjecture [21], for anys(n) withs(n) = ω(logn) ands(n) =O(n). This implies our result strengthens a theorem by Bürgisser [4], who derives the same lower bound from theτ-conjecture. Fors(n) = 0, the hypothesis follows from the statement that (n!) is ultimately hard, a statement that is known to imply P ≠ NP over C [21].We apply our randomness-to-hardness theorem to prove the following unconditional result for Permanent: either Permanent does not have uniform constant-depth threshold circuits of sub-exponential size, or Permanent does not have polynomial-size constant-free arithmetic circuits.Turning to the Boolean world, we give a simplified proof of the following strengthening of Allender's lower bound [2] for the (0,1)-Permanent: either the (0,1)-Permanent is not simultaneously in polynomial time and sub-polynomial space, or logarithmic space does not have uniform constant-depth threshold circuits of polynomial size.
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
1983
期刊:
JACM
影响因子:
--
作者:
O. Ibarra;S. Moran
通讯作者:
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DOI:
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发表时间:
1991
期刊:
SIAM journal on computing (Print)
影响因子:
--
作者:
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通讯作者:
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DOI:
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发表时间:
1998
期刊:
Proceedings 39th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (Cat. No.98CB36280)
影响因子:
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作者:
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通讯作者:
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DOI:
10.1016/s0022-0000(02)00025-9
发表时间:
2002-12
期刊:
J. Comput. Syst. Sci.
影响因子:
--
作者:
W. Hesse;Eric Allender;D. M. Barrington
通讯作者:
W. Hesse;Eric Allender;D. M. Barrington
影响因子:
1.4
作者:
Peter Bürgisser
通讯作者:
Peter Bürgisser