Endophytic fungi in European aspen (Populus tremula) leaves-diversity, detection, and a suggested correlation with herbivory resistance
Endophytic fungi in European aspen (Populus tremula) leaves-diversity, detection, and a suggested correlation with herbivory resistance
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DOI：
10.1007/s13225-009-0011-y
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
20.3
通讯作者：
Jansson, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Albrectsen, Benedicte R.;Bjorken, Lars;Jansson, Stefan
真菌内生菌存在于大多数种子植物中，但其生态功能主要是难以捉摸的，除了在pooid（或clavalitalean）系统。内生菌的多样性和动态性使非棒形目植物的生态功能研究具有挑战性。阐述了利用分子生物学技术研究山杨无性系内生菌生态功能的优势。使用传统方法区分了约1，000个内生菌分离株;这些分离株代表了约100个形态学上不同的组。我们从这些组中产生了73个DNA序列（18 S和ITS rDNA），并确定了33个不同的类群。它们代表了担子菌门和子囊菌门，包括不同的壳孢菌门和囊孢菌门，并且通过其ITS序列被鉴定为附球菌属（子囊菌门内的一个推测未知关系的属）的三个序列被置于18 S进化史中的多孢菌目内。为11种真菌设计引物对。其中，三种引物产生了白杨样本子集的条带。引物对允许田间样品中的内生菌容易地被识别，检测限为0.15%的真菌DNA。真菌在白杨无性系中的存在与食草动物和病原菌黑星病菌的田间危害有关。Aureobasidium sp.和草食动物的损害之间的两个独立的调查中发现了负相关，但我们没有发现任何证据表明内生菌的存在与黑星菌症状的历史。这种方法有望大大提高内生菌群落的定性和定量检测的范围，并提高我们的能力，阐明非clavalitalean内生菌的生态功能。
Fungal endophytes are found in most seed plants, but their ecological function mainly remains elusive, except in pooid (or clavicipitalean) systems. The diversity and dynamics of endophytes in non clavicipitalean plants make studies of their ecological function challenging. This paper describes the advantage of using molecular techniques to survey the ecological function of endophytes in Populus tremula clones. About 1,000 endophyte isolates were distinguished using traditional methods; these isolates represented approximately 100 morphologically distinct groups. We generated 73 DNA-sequences (18S and ITS rDNA) from these groups and determined 33 distinct taxa. They represented the Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, including diverse Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes, and three sequences that were identified, by their ITS sequences, as a species of Epicoccum (a genus of supposedly unknown relation within the Ascomycota) were placed within the Pleosporales, in the 18S phylogeny. Primer pairs were designed for eleven of the fungi. Of these, three primers produced bands for a subset of Aspen samples. The primer pairs allowed endophytes in field samples to be readily identified, with a detection limit of 0.15 percent fungal DNA. The presence of fungi in Aspen clones was related to field damage by herbivores and the pathogen Venturia tremula. A negative association was found in two separate surveys between Aureobasidium sp. and herbivore damage, but we found no evidence that endophyte presence was related to a history of Venturia symptoms. This approach promises to enhance greatly the scope for qualitative and quantitative detection of endophyte communities, and to improve our ability to elucidate the ecological function of non clavicipitalean endophytes.