Understanding bone strength: Size isn't everything
Understanding bone strength: Size isn't everything
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s8756-3282(01)00491-4
复制
发表时间：
2001-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Mikic, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
van der Meulen, MCH;Jepsen, KJ;Mikic, B
体内模型，特别是小鼠突变，越来越多地被用于研究基因产物的缺失或过度表达对肌肉骨骼承重能力的影响。4、8、15、20、21通过结构强度测试可以评估骨骼的功能完整性，该测试测量整个骨骼能够承受载荷的程度。虽然进行这些测试的重要性是众所周知的，但在设计实验和解释数据时必须小心。本报告的目的是阐明全骨结构强度与材料和几何特性的关系，以及在体内模型（特别是小鼠）中对这些数据的解释。特别是，我们强调，没有替代测试全骨强度和骨力学功能的结论仅基于几何形状或骨矿物质含量是不适当的，可能会产生误导。什么是全骨结构测试，它测量什么？不同类型的载荷，如弯曲或扭转，可以在体外施加到整个骨骼上，以确定结构的刚度和失效载荷（结构强度）。结构刚度是在施加载荷下抵抗变形的量度，结构强度是使整个骨失效所需的载荷。18这两个全骨测量值是结构特性，受构成结构的材料（组织材料特性）以及材料分布方式和位置（组织的几何形状）的影响（图1）。17，24因此，评估长骨的结构完整性需要材料和几何特性，并且单独的材料或几何特性都不足以预测结构失效载荷。目前，没有替代力学测试来测量整个骨结构行为;没有替代参数已被确定，这是完全指示强度，可以作为替代措施。骨材料性能是组织水平的力学性能，描述了组成材料，是独立的大小和形状的骨。材料特性包括组织极限应力和弹性模量。这些组织特性是通过从感兴趣的骨中加工精确的样品并在特定的加载模式下对其进行测试来确定的。11材料性能受组成测量的影响，例如矿物密度、胶原蛋白含量和灰分分数。除了成分，胶原蛋白等因素
In vivo models, particularly mouse mutations, are increasingly being used to investigate the impact of the absence or overexpression of a gene product on musculoskeletal load-bearing capacity. 4, 8, 15, 20, 21 Skeletal functional integrity can be assessed by structural strength tests that measure how well the whole bone can bear loads. Although the importance of performing these tests is well-recognized, care must be taken in designing the experiments and interpreting the data. The aim of this report is to clarify the relationship of whole bone structural strength to material and geometric properties and the interpretation of these data in the context of in vivo models, especially mice. In particular, we emphasize that there is no alternative to testing whole bone strength and that conclusions regarding bone mechanical function based solely on geometry or bone mineral content are inappropriate and likely misleading. What is a whole bone structural test and what does it measure? Different types of loads, such as bending or torsion, can be applied to whole bones in vitro to determine the structure’s stiffness and failure load (structural strength). The structural stiffness is a measure of the resistance to deformation under the applied load, and the structural strength is the load required to fail the whole bone. 18 These two whole bone measurements are structural properties and are influenced by both the material from which the structure is composed (the tissue material properties) as well as how and where that material is distributed (the geometric form of the tissue)(Figure 1). 17, 24 Therefore, both material and geometric properties are required to assess the structural integrity of a long bone, and neither material nor geometry alone is sufficient to predict the structural failure load. Currently, there is no substitute for a mechanical test to measure whole bone structural behavior; no alternative parameter has been identified that is fully indicative of strength and can serve as a surrogate measure.Bone material properties are the tissue level mechanical properties that describe the constituent material and are independent of the size and shape of the bone. Material properties include the tissue ultimate stress and modulus of elasticity. These tissue properties are determined by machining precise samples from the bone of interest and testing them in a particular loading mode. 11 The material properties are influenced by compositional measures such as mineral density, collagen content, and ash fraction. In addition to composition, factors such as collagen