Integrating Governance into the Sustainable Development Goals
Integrating Governance into the Sustainable Development Goals
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
F. Biermann;C. Stevens;Steven Bernstein;Aarti Gupta;N. Kabiri;N. Kanie;M. Levy;M. Nilsson;L. Pintér;Michelle Scobie;O. Young
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作者：
F. Biermann;C. Stevens;Steven Bernstein;Aarti Gupta;N. Kabiri;N. Kanie;M. Levy;M. Nilsson;L. Pintér;Michelle Scobie;O. Young
为了在2015年实现千年发展目标（MDG），关于2015年后发展框架和可持续发展目标（SDG）的讨论开始升温。关于千年发展目标的现有文献指出，考虑到千年发展目标总体上“一刀切”的性质，各国实现目标的情况差异很大（Vandermoortele 2011）。其他人还指出，千年发展目标缺乏总体目标和实现千年发展目标后需要发生的事情的远景，即缺少发展中国家跨越可持续发展的具体计划和指标。考虑到这一批评，以下三点对2015年后千年发展目标框架具有重要意义：（1）制定全球基准以及符合国情的自下而上的务实、明确的目标；（2）为发展中国家和发达国家制定普遍目标，包括气候变化、人权和人类安全、治理等问题，并加强利益攸关方之间的合作；（3）制定中期目标并确定实现目标的标准（Poku等，2011； Moss 2010；Vandermoortele 2011；卫报 2010；Koehler 等，2012）。最近，支持在2015年后发展议程中融合发展和环境议程的讨论越来越多。特别是，2012年6月在里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会（里约+20）的成果《我们想要的未来》启动了关于所谓可持续发展目标（SDG）的讨论。在成果中，各国政府一致认为必须平衡经济、环境和社会层面以实现可持续发展。其次，2010年根据大会决议设立的联合国2015年后发展议程高级别知名人士小组推动了可持续发展目标与2015年后发展议程互补性的讨论。尽管大多数国家同意在2015年后进程中统一可持续发展目标，但目前尚不清楚如何整合这两个进程。在此背景下，本文通过分析联合国经济和社会事务部（UNDESA）可持续发展目标进程秘书处于2012年10月至11月期间发布的可持续发展目标调查问卷，思考了未来关于可持续发展目标的讨论。此外，本文还探讨了对未来开放工作组工作会议中需要考虑的未来讨论点的影响。将治理纳入可持续发展目标
to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015, the discussion on the Post-2015 Development Framework and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is beginning to gather momentum. Existing literature on the MDGs points out that countries’ achievement of the goals varies significantly, given the general "one size fits all" nature of the MDGs (Vandermoortele 2011). Others also point out that MDGs lack overall objectives and perspectives on what needs to happen after the MDGs are achieved – namely, concrete plans and indicators for developing countries to leapfrog towards sustainability are missing. Taking this critique into account, the following three points have great importance for the post-2015 MDGs framework: (1) set global benchmarks as well as bottom-up goals in line with national circumstances that are practical and clear, (2) set universal goals for both developing and developed countries, including issues such as climate change, human rights and human security, and governance, along with strengthening cooperation among stakeholders, and (3) set intermediate goals and identify criteria for achievement of the goals (Poku et al. 2011; Moss 2010; Vandermoortele 2011;Guardian 2010; Koehler et al, 2012). Recently, there has been growing discussions supporting a convergence of development and environmental agendas in the Post-2015 Development Agenda. Particularly, the discussion on the so-called Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which was set in motion through the outcome (The Future We Want) of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) held in Rio de Janeiro, June 2012. In the outcome, governments agreed on the necessity of balancing economic, environmental, and social dimensions to achieve sustainable development. Secondly, the United Nations High Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda (HLPEP), which was created by a General Assembly resolution in 2010, has promoted a discourse favouring the complementarity of the SDGs and Post-2015 Development Agenda. While most of the countries agree to unify SDGs in the post-2015 process, it is still unclear how to integrate the two processes. Against this background, this paper considers the future discussions on the SDGs by analyzing a questionnaire on SDGs issued by the Secretariat for the SDG process, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA ) between October and November 2012. Furthermore, it also explores the implications on the future discussion points to be considered in future working meetings of the OWG. Integrating Governance into the Sustainable Development Goals