Bisphenol A retention in the direct ultrafiltration of greywater
Bisphenol A retention in the direct ultrafiltration of greywater
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DOI：
10.1016/j.memsci.2006.06.035
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发表时间：
2006-10
影响因子：
9.5
通讯作者：
A. Schäfer;L. Nghiem;Nadine Oschmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Schäfer;L. Nghiem;Nadine Oschmann
分散处理是一个日益增长的趋势，试图更明智地管理水资源，鉴于水资源限制，过度消费和干旱。灰水是家庭废水的一部分，有可能在当地进行处理，用于花园灌溉、洗车和冲厕。研究了浸没式超滤和直接式超滤对人工合成灰水中痕量有机污染物双酚A（BPA）和膜污染的去除效果。合成灰水溶液由无机颗粒（高岭土）、有机纤维（纤维素）、蛋白质（酪蛋白）、表面活性剂（十二烷基硫酸钠，SDS）、腐殖酸（HA）、钙、氯化钠电解质和碳酸氢钠缓冲液组成。结果表明，超滤可去除30-45%的BPA。这种去除归因于化合物分配到膜材料、悬浮和溶解的固体以及污染层。腐殖酸和钙是污垢的主要贡献者，这也影响BPA的保留。污垢的增加与HA浓度的增加，其中钙贡献最大的污垢浓度约为0.5 mM。在较高浓度的钙聚集出现，以减少污垢显着。这项研究的意义是，痕量污染物-溶质相互作用的保留潜力发挥了重要作用，这种关系提供了优化的空间，通过选择具有高亲和力的目标化合物的颗粒添加剂。如果这种污染物是一个问题（这取决于产品水应用）并且在不存在生物处理的情况下（在这种情况下不希望），这是特别重要的。将灰水分离成低浓度和高浓度的部分是有利的，如果这可以消除腐殖物质的存在。
Decentralised treatment is an increasing trend in the attempts to manage water more wisely in light of water restrictions, overconsumption and drought. Greywater is a fraction of household wastewater that offers the potential to be treated locally to be reused for garden irrigation, car washing and toilet flushing. In this paper the performance of submerged and direct ultrafiltration (UF) of synthetic greywater is investigated with regards to organic trace contaminant, namely Bisphenol A (BPA), and fouling. The synthetic greywater solution consisted of inorganic particulates (kaolin), organic fibres (cellulose), protein (casein), surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS), humic acid (HA), calcium, sodium chloride electrolyte and sodium bicarbonate buffer. Results indicate that UF can remove 30-45% of BPA. This removal is attributed to partitioning of the compound to the membrane material, suspended and dissolved solids as well as the fouling layer. Humic acid and calcium were the main contributors to fouling, which also affected BPA retention. Fouling increased with an increase in HA concentration, which calcium contributed most to fouling at a concentration of about 0.5 mM. At higher concentration of calcium aggregation appeared to reduce fouling significantly. The implications of this study are that trace contaminant-solute interactions play an important role for retention potential and this relationship offers room for optimization by selecting particulate additives with a high affinity for target compounds. This is of particular importance if such contaminants are a concern (which is dependent on the product water application) and in the absence of biological treatment which is in this case not desired. The separation of greywater into fractions of low and high strength is of advantage if this can eliminate the presence of humic substances.