Efficiency of solar water splitting using semiconductor electrodes
Efficiency of solar water splitting using semiconductor electrodes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.01.014
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Glasscock, J. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murphy, A. B.;Barnes, P. R. F.;Glasscock, J. A.
半导体电极光电转换效率的可靠测量对于电极性能的评估是必不可少的。本文研究了光源的选择对半导体光电极光电转换效率的影响。氙灯和太阳能照明下进行的效率的测量进行比较，通过整合的入射光子转换效率（IPCE）在灯和太阳光谱计算出的效率。结果表明，使用氙灯作为光源，可以导致一个大的高估的光转换效率，相对于标准AM1.5太阳能照明下获得的。当氙灯上装有滤水器时，以及当使用宽带隙半导体（如TiO（2））作为光电极时，这种高估更大。计算了金红石型TiO（2）的可调光转换效率，并考虑了由于不完全吸收、反射和载流子复合引起的损失;计算的效率与测量值在实验不确定性范围内一致。结果表明，文献中提出的许多光转换效率被高估。它的结论是，可靠的估计效率在标准条件下是最好的，通过测量的IPCE作为波长的函数，并集成在AM1.5太阳光谱，或通过测量下的太阳光与类似的天顶角的AM1.5光谱。(c)2006年国际氢能协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司发布。保留所有权利。
Reliable measurement of the photoconversion efficiency for semiconductor electrodes is essential to the assessment of electrode performance. In this paper, the influence of the choice of light source on measured photoconversion efficiencies for semiconductor photoelectrodes is examined. Measurements of efficiency performed under xenon lamp and solar illumination are compared with efficiencies calculated by integrating the incident photon conversion efficiency (IPCE) over the lamp and solar spectra. It is shown that use of a xenon lamp as the light source can lead to a large overestimate of the photoconversion efficiency, relative to that obtained under standard AM1.5 solar illumination. The overestimate is greater when a water filter is fitted to the xenon lamp, and when a wide-band gap semiconductor such as TiO(2) is used as the photoelectrode. Achievable photoconversion efficiencies using rutile TiO(2) are calculated taking into account the losses due to imperfefct absorption, reflection and charge-carrier recombination; these calculated efficiencies agree with the measurements to within experimental uncertainties. It is demonstrated that many photoconversion efficiencies presented in the literature are overestimated. It is concluded that reliable estimation of efficiency under standard conditions is best obtained by measuring the IPCE as a function of wavelength, and integrating over the AM1.5 solar spectrum, or by measuring under sunlight with a similar zenith angle to that of the AM1.5 spectrum. (c) 2006 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.