Mass balance assessment of triclosan removal during conventional sewage treatment
Mass balance assessment of triclosan removal during conventional sewage treatment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.066
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Halden, Rolf U.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heidler, Jochen;Halden, Rolf U.
抗菌剂三氯生（5-氯-2-（2，4-二氯苯氧基）苯酚; TCS）是一个较大的多氯双核芳香族化合物组的成员，经常与不利的环境和人类健康的影响。而TCS的结构和功能将建议显着的生物转化阻力，生物废水处理目前被认为是主要的破坏性机制限制这种化合物的扩散和环境污染。我们探讨了TCS的持久性在一个典型的全规模活性污泥美国污水处理厂使用的质量平衡方法结合同位素稀释液相色谱电喷雾电离质谱（ID-LC-ESI-MS）进行准确的定量。平均流入物和流出物浓度（平均值+/- SD）分别为4.7 +/- 1.6和0.07 +/- 0.06 μ g l（-1），表明表观（液相）去除效率为98 +/-1%。然而，进一步的分析表明，颗粒活性TCS（80 +/- 22%的流入物中的颗粒相关）被隔离到废水残留物中，并在脱水消化污泥中积累到30000 +/- 11000 μ g kg（-1）的浓度。总体而言，进入工厂的消毒剂质量（3240 +/- 1860 g d（-1））的50 +/- 19%（1640 +/- 610 g d（-1））在污泥中仍然可检测到，并且不到总质量的一半（48 +/- 19%）被生物转化或因其他机制而损失。因此，传统的污水处理被证明在破坏抗菌剂方面比植物的水相去除效率要低得多。此外，研究结果表明，农业中污泥回收的常见做法导致大量TCS转移到美国土壤中，部分用于畜牧业和作物生产。(c)2006 Flsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
The antimicrobial agent triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol; TCS) is a member of a larger group of polychlorinated binuclear aromatic compounds frequently associated with adverse environmental and human health effects. Whereas the structure and function of TCS would suggest significant resistance to biotransformation, biological wastewater treatment currently is considered the principal destructive mechanism limiting dispersal of and environmental contamination with this compound. We explored the persistence of TCS in a typical full-scale activated sludge US sewage treatment plant using a mass balance approach in conjunction with isotope dilution liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ID-LC-ESI-MS) for accurate quantification. Average influent and effluent concentrations (mean +/- SD) of 4.7 +/- 1.6 and 0.07 +/- 0.06 mu g l(-1), respectively, revealed an apparent (liquid-phase) removal efficiency of 98 +/- 1%. However, further analyses demonstrated that the particle-active TCS (80 +/- 22% particle-associated in influent) was sequestered into wastewater residuals and accumulated in dewatered, digested sludge to concentrations of 30000 +/- 11000 mu g kg(-1). Overall, 50 +/- 19% (1640 +/- 610 g d(-1)) of the disinfectant mass entering the plant (3240 +/- 1860 g d(-1)) remained detectable in sludge, and less than half of the total mass (48 +/- 19%) was biotransformed or lost to other mechanisms. Thus, conventional sewage treatment was demonstrated to be much less effective in destroying the antimicrobial than the aqueous-phase removal efficiency of the plant would make believe. Furthermore, study findings indicate that the common practice of sludge recycling in agriculture results in the transfer of substantial quantities of TCS to US soils used, in part, for animal husbandry and crop production. (c) 2006 Flsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.