Quantum Computing in the Cloud: Analyzing job and machine characteristics

Quantum Computing in the Cloud: Analyzing job and machine characteristics
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云中的量子计算:分析工作和机器特征

DOI:
10.1109/iiswc53511.2021.00015
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
2021 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Chong, Frederic T.
Chong, Frederic T.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ravi, Gokul Subramanian;Smith, Kaitlin N.;Gokhale, Pranav;Chong, Frederic T.

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随着量子计算的普及,通过云访问量子机器对全球学术和行业研究人员都至关重要。随着云量子计算需求呈指数级增长,对资源消耗和执行特征的分析是在供应商端和客户端有效管理作业和资源的关键。虽然对资源消耗和管理的分析在经典的高性能计算领域很流行,但在量子计算等新兴技术中却严重缺乏。本文首次对量子云系统中作业执行和资源消耗/利用的各种趋势进行了分析。我们专注于IBM量子系统,并在两年的时间内分析其特征,包括6000多个工作,其中包含超过60万个量子电路执行,并对应于近100亿次“射击”或20多个量子机器的试验。具体来说,我们分析的趋势集中在但不限于量子机器上的执行时间、云中的排队/等待时间、电路编译时间、机器利用率,以及作业和机器特征对所有这些趋势的影响。我们的分析确定了与经典HPC云系统的几个相似点和不同点。基于我们的见解,我们提出建议和贡献,以改善未来量子云系统的资源和工作管理。
As the popularity of quantum computing continues to grow, quantum machine access over the cloud is critical to both academic and industry researchers across the globe. And as cloud quantum computing demands increase exponentially, the analysis of resource consumption and execution characteristics are key to efficient management of jobs and resources at both the vendor-end as well as the client-end. While the analysis of resource consumption and management are popular in the classical HPC domain, it is severely lacking for more nascent technology like quantum computing. This paper is a first-of-its-kind academic study, analyzing various trends in job execution and resources consumption / utilization on quantum cloud systems. We focus on IBM Quantum systems and analyze characteristics over a two year period, encompassing over 6000 jobs which contain over 600,000 quantum circuit executions and correspond to almost 10 billion “shots” or trials over 20+ quantum machines. Specifically, we analyze trends focused on, but not limited to, execution times on quantum machines, queuing/waiting times in the cloud, circuit compilation times, machine utilization, as well as the impact of job and machine characteristics on all of these trends. Our analysis identifies several similarities and differences with classical HPC cloud systems. Based on our insights, we make recommendations and contributions to improve the management of resources and jobs on future quantum cloud systems.
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