Closing the low-carbon material loop using a dynamic whole system approach
Closing the low-carbon material loop using a dynamic whole system approach
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.166
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发表时间：
2017-04-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Roelich, Katy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Busch, Jonathan;Dawson, David;Roelich, Katy
向低碳能源和运输系统的过渡需要史无前例地推出新的基础设施技术，其中包含大量关键原材料。其中许多技术基于通用技术，如永磁体和电机，这些技术在不同的基础设施系统中是通用的。旨在建立更好的资源管理做法的循环经济举措可以通过在基础设施系统中重复使用和再制造技术组件来利用这些技术共性。在本文中，我们分析了在英国鬼魂岛向低碳发电和运输过渡过程中的实施情况。我们模拟了两种依赖不同可再生能源技术的场景，将电动汽车的锂离子电池重新用于并网存储。考虑到电力和运输基础设施的全系统分析表明，可再生技术的最佳选择可能取决于不同基础设施系统之间部件再利用和材料回收的机会。基于氢燃料电池的运输使用的是来自过时催化转化器的铂，而锂离子电池在不再用于车辆时，可以重新用于并网存储。到2033年，技术再利用的效率将完全消除对并网存储新技术的需求，而材料层面的回收提供了更高的灵活性，两者之间存在权衡；与电池再利用实现的30%相比，2033年锂的主要材料需求减少了51%。这一分析证明了将技术和组件的详细表示与包括多个相互连接的基础设施系统的系统方法相结合的方法的价值。(C)2017年作者。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。
The transition to low carbon energy and transport systems requires an unprecedented roll-out of new infrastructure technologies, containing significant quantities of critical raw materials. Many of these technologies are based on general purpose technologies, such as permanent magnets and electric motors, that are common across different infrastructure systems. Circular economy initiatives that aim to institute better resource management practices could exploit these technological commonalities through the reuse and remanufacturing of technology components across infrastructure systems. In this paper, we analyze the implementation of such processes in the transition to low carbon electricity generation and transport on the Isle of Wight, UK. We model two scenarios relying on different renewable energy technologies, with the reuse of Lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles for grid-attached storage. A whole-system analysis that considers both electricity and transport infrastructure demonstrates that the optimal choice of renewable technology can be dependent on opportunities for component reuse and material recycling between the different infrastructure systems. Hydrogen fuel cell based transport makes use of platinum from obsolete catalytic converters whereas lithium-ion batteries can be reused for grid-attached storage when they are no longer useful in vehicles. Trade-offs exist between the efficiency of technology reuse, which eliminates the need for new technologies for grid attached storage completely by 2033, and the higher flexibility afforded by recycling at the material level; reducing primary material demand for Lithium by 51% in 2033 compared to 30% achieved by battery reuse. This analysis demonstrates the value of a methodology that combines detailed representations of technologies and components with a systemic approach that includes multiple, interconnected infrastructure systems. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.