Response of the human gut and saliva microbiome to urbanization in Cameroon
Response of the human gut and saliva microbiome to urbanization in Cameroon
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-59849-9
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发表时间：
2020-02-18
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Segurel, Laure
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lokmer, Ana;Aflalo, Sophie;Segurel, Laure
与工业化程度较低的国家的农村人口相比，高度工业化国家的城市人口的特点是肠道细菌多样性较低以及组成发生变化。为了揭示导致这种多样性丧失的机制和因素，有必要在较小的地理范围内，特别是在工业化程度较低的国家，确定与城市化引起的变化有关的因素。为此，我们调查了来自喀麦隆沿着城市化梯度的三个人群的147名个体的各种饮食、医疗、寄生虫学和社会文化因素与肠道和唾液微生物组之间的潜在关联。我们发现内阿米巴的存在，肠道原生动物，其次是粪便稠度，是肠道微生物组多样性和组成的主要决定因素。有趣的是，与农村地区相比，尽管饮食发生了显着变化，但城市个体保留了大部分肠道真核生物和细菌多样性，这表明在工业化地区观察到的细菌微生物组多样性的丧失可能与药物有关。最后，我们观察到肠道与唾液微生物组多样性和组成之间存在弱正相关性，尽管唾液微生物组主要由与栖息地相关的因素形成。
Urban populations from highly industrialized countries are characterized by a lower gut bacterial diversity as well as by changes in composition compared to rural populations from less industrialized countries. To unveil the mechanisms and factors leading to this diversity loss, it is necessary to identify the factors associated with urbanization-induced shifts at a smaller geographical scale, especially in less industrialized countries. To do so, we investigated potential associations between a variety of dietary, medical, parasitological and socio-cultural factors and the gut and saliva microbiomes of 147 individuals from three populations along an urbanization gradient in Cameroon. We found that the presence of Entamoeba sp., a commensal gut protozoan, followed by stool consistency, were major determinants of the gut microbiome diversity and composition. Interestingly, urban individuals have retained most of their gut eukaryotic and bacterial diversity despite significant changes in diet compared to the rural areas, suggesting that the loss of bacterial microbiome diversity observed in industrialized areas is likely associated with medication. Finally, we observed a weak positive correlation between the gut and the saliva microbiome diversity and composition, even though the saliva microbiome is mainly shaped by habitat-related factors.