Identifying “Optimal” Electrocatalysts: Impact of Operating Potential and Charge Transfer Model

Identifying “Optimal” Electrocatalysts: Impact of Operating Potential and Charge Transfer Model
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识别“最佳”电催化剂:工作潜力和电荷转移模型的影响

DOI:
10.1021/acscatal.7b03235
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
12.9
通讯作者:
Holewinski, Adam
Holewinski, Adam
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Román, Alex M.;Dudoff, Jessica;Baz, Adam;Holewinski, Adam

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了解电位对电化学表面反应动力学的影响仍然是一个挑战,在确定许多重要的反应,包括水裂解(OER),析氢(HER),和CO2还原,除其他外,催化材料。计算方法的局限性,复杂的电极-电解质界面的独特环境,迫使许多研究集中在反应方案的热力学和概括的电荷转移动力学的推论。在激活势垒估计可用的情况下,通常假设它们遵循经验Butler-Volmer(BV)模型。在这个角度来看,我们说明,相对大小和潜在的依赖性的基本障碍,可以有显着的影响,催化剂的性能被认为是“最佳”的给定反应。我们使用一个简单的伪稳态分析两个连续的表面介导的电荷转移,以评估作为材料和条件的函数的每一步的速率控制的程度。我们比较BV动力学马库斯理论,并讨论了最近的模型,具体的吸附物与表面的电子结构的相互作用。最近的发展,在充分模拟电荷转移到表面物种也简要讨论。最后,我们强调需要评估的动力学和识别的活性描述符,是最佳的相关操作条件下,我们得出结论,展望目前的研究需求。
Understanding the influence of potential on electrochemical surface reaction kinetics remains a challenge in identifying catalytic materials for numerous important reactions including water splitting (OER), hydrogen evolution (HER), and CO2reduction, among others. Limitations in computational methods, complicated by the unique environment of the electrode–electrolyte interface, have compelled many studies to focus on the thermodynamics of reaction schemes and to generalize inferences about the kinetics of charge transfer. In instances where activation barrier estimates are available, they are typically assumed to follow the empirical Butler–Volmer (BV) model. In this Perspective, we illustrate that the relative magnitudes and potential-dependences of elementary barriers can have a marked effect on the properties of a catalyst deemed “optimal” for a given reaction. We use a simple pseudosteady-state analysis of two sequential surface-mediated charge transfers to assess the degree of rate control of each step as a function of the material and conditions. We compare BV kinetics to Marcus theory and also discuss more recent models that are specific to the interactions of an adsorbate with the electronic structure of a surface. Recent developments in the full simulation of charge transfer to surface species are also briefly discussed. Finally, we highlight the need for assessment of kinetics and identification of activity descriptors that are optimalat relevant operating conditions,and we conclude with an outlook on current research needs.
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DOI: --
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