Kinetics of the Reactions of Zirconium with O 2 , N 2 and H 2
Kinetics of the Reactions of Zirconium with O 2 , N 2 and H 2
复制标题
锆与O 2 、N 2 和H 2 反应的动力学
作者：
E. A. Gulbransen;K. Andrew
锆的气体-金属反应非常有趣。该金属在室温下非常稳定，不会与空气中存在的多种气体发生反应，并且金属将无限期地保持明亮。然而，在高出几百度的温度下，金属很容易与氧、氮和氢发生反应。这种行为，加上锆是一种熔点较高的金属，在适当的条件下可能具有高温应用，导致了本通讯中报告的工作。有几个因素表明锆在高温下可能具有良好的抗氧化性。它们是：（1）大约1860℃的高熔点，（2）大约2675℃的氧化物高熔点，（3）氧化物对化学反应的高度热力学稳定性和氧化物的低分解压力和（4）由于氧化物与金属的体积比大于1，所以可能形成连续的氧化膜。不利因素是：(1)金属反应生成氮化物、氢化物和碳化物，(2)氧化物在高温下可溶于金属中，(3)氧化物ZrO2在高温下发生晶体结构转变。这种金属的抗氧化性不仅是成膜速率的问题，而且由于氧化物和其他反应产物溶解在金属中而变得复杂，这反过来会影响金属的物理和机械性能。
The gas-metal reactions of zirconium are very interesting. The metal is extremely stable at room temperature to reactions with the several gases present in air and the metal will stay bright indefinitely. However, at temperatures of several hundred degrees higher the metal reacts readily with oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen. This behavior, in addition to the fact that zirconium is one of the higher melting point metals which might have high temperature applications under the proper conditions, resulted in the work reported in this communication. There are several factors which indicate that zirconium might have good oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. These are:(1) the high melting point of approximately I860C,(2) the high melting point of the oxide of approximately 2675 C,(3) the high degree of thermodynamic stability of the oxide to chemical reaction and the low decomposition pressure of the oxide and (4) the possible formation of a continuous oxide film since the volume ratio of oxide to metal is greater than unity. The unfavorable factors are:(1) the metal reacts to form nitrides, hydrides and carbides,(2) the oxide is soluble at elevated temperatures in the metal and (3) the oxide ZrO2 undergoes crystal structure transformations at high temperature. The oxidation resistance of this metal is not only a question of the rate of film formation but is complicated by the fact that the oxide and other reaction products dissolve in the metal which" in turn will affect the physical and mechanical properties of the metal.